Being Indigenous In Jim Crow Virginia
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Author | : Laura J. Feller |
Publisher | : University of Oklahoma Press |
Total Pages | : 287 |
Release | : 2022-07 |
Genre | : History |
ISBN | : 0806191600 |
Virginia’s Racial Integrity Act of 1924 recodified the state’s long-standing racial hierarchy as a more rigid Black-white binary. Then, Virginia officials asserted that no Virginia Indians could be other than legally Black, given centuries of love and marriage across color lines. How indigenous peoples of Virginia resisted erasure and built their identities as Native Americans is the powerful story this book tells. Spanning a century of fraught history, Being Indigenous in Jim Crow Virginia describes the critical strategic work that tidewater Virginia Indians, descendants of the seventeenth-century Algonquian Powhatan chiefdom, undertook to sustain their Native identity in the face of deep racial hostility from segregationist officials, politicians, and institutions. Like other Southeastern Native groups living under Jim Crow regimes, tidewater Native groups and individuals fortified their communities by founding tribal organizations, churches, and schools; they displayed their Indianness in public performances; and they enlisted whites, including well-known ethnographers, to help them argue for their Native distinctness. Describing an arduous campaign marked by ingenuity, conviction, and perseverance, Laura J. Feller shows how these tidewater Native people drew on their shared histories as descendants of Powhatan peoples, and how they strengthened their bonds through living and marrying within clusters of Native Virginians, both on and off reservation lands. She also finds that, by at times excluding African Americans from Indian organizations and Native families, Virginian Indians themselves reinforced racial segregation while they built their own communities. Even as it paved the way to tribal recognition in Virginia, the tidewater Natives’ sustained efforts chronicled in this book demonstrate the fluidity, instability, and persistent destructive power of the construction of race in America.
Author | : Laura Janet Feller |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 296 |
Release | : 2022 |
Genre | : Powhatan Indians |
ISBN | : 9780806190655 |
"A Home in a Strange Land" -- Virginia's 1924 "Racial Integrity" Law -- Constructing Native Identities, 1865 to 1931 -- White Ethnographers and Salvage Ethnography -- The Aftermath of the "Racial Integrity" Law, 1930s to 1950s.
Author | : Rodney Frey |
Publisher | : University of Oklahoma Press |
Total Pages | : 228 |
Release | : 1987 |
Genre | : Social Science |
ISBN | : 9780806125602 |
Profiles the Crow Indians and discusses how their society has been able to survive for more than a century because of their philosophies.
Author | : Arica L. Coleman |
Publisher | : Indiana University Press |
Total Pages | : 327 |
Release | : 2013-10-18 |
Genre | : History |
ISBN | : 0253010500 |
That the Blood Stay Pure traces the history and legacy of the commonwealth of Virginia's effort to maintain racial purity and its impact on the relations between African Americans and Native Americans. Arica L. Coleman tells the story of Virginia's racial purity campaign from the perspective of those who were disavowed or expelled from tribal communities due to their affiliation with people of African descent or because their physical attributes linked them to those of African ancestry. Coleman also explores the social consequences of the racial purity ethos for tribal communities that have refused to define Indian identity based on a denial of blackness. This rich interdisciplinary history, which includes contemporary case studies, addresses a neglected aspect of America's long struggle with race and identity.
Author | : Laughlin McDonald |
Publisher | : University of Oklahoma Press |
Total Pages | : 365 |
Release | : 2014-10-20 |
Genre | : History |
ISBN | : 0806186003 |
The struggle for voting rights was not limited to African Americans in the South. American Indians also faced discrimination at the polls and still do today. This book explores their fight for equal voting rights and carefully documents how non-Indian officials have tried to maintain dominance over Native peoples despite the rights they are guaranteed as American citizens. Laughlin McDonald has participated in numerous lawsuits brought on behalf of Native Americans in Montana, Colorado, Nebraska, South Dakota, and Wyoming. This litigation challenged discriminatory election practices such as at-large elections, redistricting plans crafted to dilute voting strength, unfounded allegations of election fraud on reservations, burdensome identification and registration requirements, lack of language assistance, and noncompliance with the Voting Rights Act. McDonald devotes special attention to the VRA and its amendments, whose protections are central to realizing the goal of equal political participation. McDonald describes past and present-day discrimination against Indians, including land seizures, destruction of bison herds, attempts to eradicate Native language and culture, and efforts to remove and in some cases even exterminate tribes. Because of such treatment, he argues, Indians suffer a severely depressed socioeconomic status, voting is sharply polarized along racial lines, and tribes are isolated and lack meaningful interaction with non-Indians in communities bordering reservations. Far more than a record of litigation, American Indians and the Fight for Equal Voting Rights paints a broad picture of Indian political participation by incorporating expert reports, legislative histories, newspaper accounts, government archives, and hundreds of interviews with tribal members. This in-depth study of Indian voting rights recounts the extraordinary progress American Indians have made and looks toward a more just future.
Author | : Francis Paul Prucha |
Publisher | : University of Oklahoma Press |
Total Pages | : 683 |
Release | : 2014-04-14 |
Genre | : Social Science |
ISBN | : 0806146427 |
In this book a distinguished authority in the field presents an account of United States Indian policy in the years 1865 to 1900, one of the most critical periods in Indian-white relations. Francis Paul Prucha discusses in detail the major developments of those years—Grant's Peace Policy, the reservation system, the agitation for transfer of Indian affairs to military control, the General Allotment Act (the Dawes Act), Indian citizenship, Indian education, Civil Service reform of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and the dissolution of the Indian nations of the Indian Territory. American Indian Policy in Crisis focuses on the Christian humanitarians and philanthropists who were the ultimate driving force in the "reform" of Indian affairs. The programs of these men and women to individualize and Americanize the Indians and turn them into patriotic American citizens indistinguishable from their white neighbors are examined at length. The story is not a pretty one, for reformers' changes were often disastrous for the Indians, and yet it is a tremendously important work for understanding the Indians’ situation and their place in American society today. Prucha does not treat Indian policy in isolation but relates it to the dominant cultural and intellectual currents of the age. This book furnishes a view of the evangelical Christian influence on American policy and the reforming spirit it engendered, both of which have a significance extending beyond Indian policy alone. Thorough documentation and an excellent bibliography enhance its value.
Author | : Kathleen J. Bragdon |
Publisher | : University of Oklahoma Press |
Total Pages | : 332 |
Release | : 1999-03-01 |
Genre | : History |
ISBN | : 9780806131269 |
In this first comprehensive study of American Indians of southern New England from 1500 to 1650, Kathleen J. Bragdon discusses common features and significant differences among the Pawtucket, Massachusett, Nipmuck, Pocumtuck, Narragansett, Pokanoket, Niantic, Mohegan, and Pequot Indians. Her complex portrait, which employs both the perspective of European observers and important new evidence from archaeology and linguistics, shows that internally developed customs and values were primary determinants in the development of Native culture.
Author | : Rennard Strickland |
Publisher | : University of Oklahoma Press |
Total Pages | : 196 |
Release | : 1980 |
Genre | : History |
ISBN | : 9780806116754 |
Outlines the lifestyle of the Indians in Oklahoma and their value system despite the white-man's encroachment of their land and widespread stereotyping.
Author | : Laura F. Klein |
Publisher | : University of Oklahoma Press |
Total Pages | : 310 |
Release | : 1995 |
Genre | : Social Science |
ISBN | : 9780806132419 |
Power is understood to be manifested in a multiplicity of ways: through cosmology, economic control, and formal hierarchy. In the Native societies examined, power is continually created and redefined through individual life stages and through the history of the society. The important issue is autonomy - whether, or to what extent, individuals are autonomous in living their lives. Each author demonstrates that women in a particular cultural area of aboriginal North America had (and have) more power than many previous observers have claimed.
Author | : Vine Deloria |
Publisher | : University of Oklahoma Press |
Total Pages | : 278 |
Release | : 1985 |
Genre | : History |
ISBN | : 9780806124247 |
Offers eleven essays on federal Indian policy.