Banks Informal Money Lenders And Asymmetric Information
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| Author | : Patrick Avato |
| Publisher | : GRIN Verlag |
| Total Pages | : 29 |
| Release | : 2012-05 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 3656180865 |
Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject Economics - Monetary theory and policy, grade: A= 1,0, Johns Hopkins University (School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS)), course: Theories and Models of Economic Development, 29 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: Credit markets in developing countries differ substantially from their counterparts in OECD countries. Apart from the obvious differences in institutional development, technology and productivity which are both measures for and causes of underdevelopment, typ ical LDC credit markets have two main characteristics. Firstly, their financial systems are very small compared those in industrial economies. Secondly, developing countries are characterized by very big informal financial sectors that coexist with formal credit institutions. Interestingly, credit contracts differ highly between these two sectors and there seems to be only very limited inter-sector competition. The following paper ventures to explain the persistence of these peculiarities in rural credit markets1 using the model of asymmetric information in credit markets developed by Stiglitz and Weiss. By applying the model specifically to LDC credit markets I show that asymmetric information is among the major reasons for the underdevelopment of rural credit markets. Building on these findings I then explain how Microfinance Institutions (MFI) have lately been able to overcome some of the problems of imperfect information and strive in markets formerly dominated by informal money lenders. The first part of this paper provides an overview of the typical characteristics of credit markets in developing countries, concentrating on the limited size of LDC credit markets and on the apparent dichotomy between formal and informal finance sectors. Then, the importance of financial systems for economic development is briefly outlined in order to explain the relevance of the topic of this essay. The main part of the paper then pre
| Author | : Theo Lynn |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 194 |
| Release | : 2018-12-06 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 3030023303 |
This open access Pivot demonstrates how a variety of technologies act as innovation catalysts within the banking and financial services sector. Traditional banks and financial services are under increasing competition from global IT companies such as Google, Apple, Amazon and PayPal whilst facing pressure from investors to reduce costs, increase agility and improve customer retention. Technologies such as blockchain, cloud computing, mobile technologies, big data analytics and social media therefore have perhaps more potential in this industry and area of business than any other. This book defines a fintech ecosystem for the 21st century, providing a state-of-the art review of current literature, suggesting avenues for new research and offering perspectives from business, technology and industry.
| Author | : Mr.Giovanni Dell'Ariccia |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 45 |
| Release | : 2017-11-07 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1484324897 |
We study bank portfolio allocations during the transition of the real sector to a knowledge economy in which firms use less tangible capital and invest more in intangible assets. We show that, as firms shift toward intangible assets that have lower collateral values, banks reallocate their portfolios away from commercial loans toward other assets, primarily residential real estate loans and liquid assets. This effect is more pronounced for large and less well capitalized banks and is robust to controlling for real estate loan demand. Our results suggest that increased firm investment in intangible assets can explain up to 20% of bank portfolio reallocation from commercial to residential lending over the last four decades.
| Author | : Xavier Gine |
| Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
| Total Pages | : 41 |
| Release | : 2005 |
| Genre | : Credit |
| ISBN | : |
"The aim of this paper is to understand the mechanism underlying access to credit. Gine focuses on two important aspects of rural credit markets in Thailand. First, moneylenders and other informal lenders coexist with formal lending institutions such as government or commercial banks, and more recently, micro-lending institutions. Second, potential borrowers presumably face sizable transaction costs obtaining external credit. The author develops and estimates a model based on limited enforcement and transaction costs that provides a unified view of those facts. The results show that the limited ability of banks to enforce contracts, more than transaction costs, is crucial in understanding the observed diversity of lenders. This paper--a product of the Finance Team, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to understand access to credit"--World Bank web site.
| Author | : Dani Rodrick |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 1066 |
| Release | : 2009-11-09 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 0080931723 |
What guidance does academic research really provide to economic policy development? The critical and analytical surveys in this volume investigate links between policies and outcomes by surveying work from broad macroeconomic policies to interventions in microfinance. Asserting that there are no universal correspondences between policies and outcomes, contributors demonstrate instead that only an intense familiarity with the development context and the universe of applicable economic models can generate successful policies. Getting cause-and-effect right is essential for policy design and implementation. With the goal of drawing researchers and policy makers closer, this volume highlights our increasing understanding of ways to combine economic theorizing with careful, thoughtful empirical work. - Presents an accurate, self-contained survey of the current state of the field - Summarizes the most recent discussions, and elucidates new developments - Although original material is also included, the main aim is the provision of comprehensive and accessible surveys
| Author | : Monika |
| Publisher | : Booksclinic Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 193 |
| Release | : 2021-09-18 |
| Genre | : Education |
| ISBN | : 9391389708 |
Asymmetry of Information and Lending Risk Livelihood pattern of Street Vendors in India. This study focuses on street vendors and their related problems to access credit from formal banking institutions. our formal sector faces the risk of asymmetric information in lending to street vendors due to which street vendors lack access to institutional financing. On the other side, public authorities normally regard street vendors as encroachers of sidewalks and pavements and do not appreciate the valuable services, which street vendors are providing to the common man. Social security coverage of street vendors is very small. Here member base organizations have a positive impact on the life of street vendors. Non-Government Organizations (NGOs), who are providing social security schemes to street vendors are few in number (2009, National Policy on Urban Street Vendors). Street Vendors provide valuable services at a cheaper price to the urban population while trying to earn a livelihood and it is the duty of the State to protect the right of this segment of the population to earn their livelihood. So, this book highlights the issues and challenges faced by street vendors and also provides feasible solutions for their development.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
| Total Pages | : 122 |
| Release | : 2007-01-01 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 0821371789 |
This book's prime audience is government policy-makers. It provides a policy framework for governments to increase micro, small and medium enterprises' access to financial services?one which is based on empirical evidence from around the world. Financial sector policies in many developing countries often work against the ability of commercial financial institutions to serve this market segment, albeit, often unintentionally. The framework guides governments on how to best focus scarce resources on three things: ? developing an inclusive financial sector policy; ? building healthy financial ins
| Author | : Mr.George C. Anayotos |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 28 |
| Release | : 1994-07-01 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1451955782 |
This paper assesses the impact of information asymmetries on developing country financing and considers alternative techniques to reduce the adverse implications of such asymmetries. Following an introduction, Section II examines in general terms the role of information in financial markets and analyzes the incentive and risk sharing properties of alternative financial contracts. Information asymmetries which are present in domestic finance are more prevalent in international finance, in particular in developing country financing. Section III reviews measures aiming to resolve information asymmetries. Borrowing and creditor country regulations and policies, as well as innovative contractual agreements help to resolve a range of issues related to information asymmetries. However, despite their contribution, residual problems remain unresolved. The international financial institutions, and in particular the Fund, have an important role to play in alleviating information asymmetries.
| Author | : Bengt Holmstrom |
| Publisher | : MIT Press |
| Total Pages | : 263 |
| Release | : 2013-01-11 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 0262518538 |
Two leading economists develop a theory explaining the demand for and supply of liquid assets. Why do financial institutions, industrial companies, and households hold low-yielding money balances, Treasury bills, and other liquid assets? When and to what extent can the state and international financial markets make up for a shortage of liquid assets, allowing agents to save and share risk more effectively? These questions are at the center of all financial crises, including the current global one. In Inside and Outside Liquidity, leading economists Bengt Holmström and Jean Tirole offer an original, unified perspective on these questions. In a slight, but important, departure from the standard theory of finance, they show how imperfect pledgeability of corporate income leads to a demand for as well as a shortage of liquidity with interesting implications for the pricing of assets, investment decisions, and liquidity management. The government has an active role to play in improving risk-sharing between consumers with limited commitment power and firms dealing with the high costs of potential liquidity shortages. In this perspective, private risk-sharing is always imperfect and may lead to financial crises that can be alleviated through government interventions.
| Author | : Von Pischke, J. D. |
| Publisher | : Johns Hopkins University Press |
| Total Pages | : 464 |
| Release | : 1983 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : |
Until recently the use of agricultural credit as a developmental tool seemed clear and straightforward. Most concerned people believed that increases in the volume of cheap credit were necessary to boost agricultural production, and that the rural poor could be brought into the mainstream of development through supervised credit programs. It seemed that certain ideal types of rural credit institutions offered the promise of meeting farmers' credit needs, and that experience in the industrialized countries with cooperatives and specialized agricultural finance institutions could be effectively transplanted to low-income countries. This collection of readings highlights facets of rural financial markets that have often been neglected in discussions of agricultural credit in developing countries. It moves beyond a narrow concern with the simple provision of credit to a broad consideration of the performance of rural financial markets and of ways to improve the quality and range of financial services for low-income farmers. It reflects new thinking on the design, administration, evaluation and policy framework of rural finance and credit programs in developing countries.
