Atmospheric Density Determination From Low Height Satellites
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| Author | : J. P. McIsaac |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 494 |
| Release | : 1976 |
| Genre | : Atmospheric density |
| ISBN | : |
Results obtained from an Air Force Satellite launched in the fourth quarter of 1974 are presented. Ionization gauge measurements of atmospheric density were performed, and the values obtained from these measurements are presented in two appendices in the form of density vs altitude and time plots. The method of data reduction its application is developed and discussed. The reduction technique differs from previously used techniques in that it is more suitable for the processing of large data files such as those obtained from satellite flights, as well as featuring a lessened dependence upon attitude determination. The experiment is also described and the theory of operation is given. (Author).
| Author | : Eelco Doornbos |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 192 |
| Release | : 2012-01-19 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3642251285 |
The Earth's atmosphere is often portrayed as a thin and finite blanket covering our planet, separate from the emptiness of outer space. In reality, the transition is gradual and a tiny fraction of the atmophere gases is still present at the altitude of low orbiting satellites. The very high velocities of these satellites ensure that their orbital motion can still be considerably affected by air density and wind. This influence can be measured using accelerometers and satellite tracking techniques. The opening chapters of this thesis provide an excellent introduction to the various disciplines that are involved in the interpretation of these observations: orbital mechanics, satellite aerodynamics and upper atmospheric physics. A subsequent chapter, at the heart of this work, covers advances in the algorithms used for processing satellite accelerometry and Two-Line Element (TLE) orbit data. The closing chapters provide an elaborate analysis of the resulting density and wind products, which are generating many opportunities for further research, to improve the modelling and understanding of the thermosphere system and its interactions with the lower atmosphere, the ionosphere-magnetosphere system and the Sun.
| Author | : Anthea J. Coster |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 243 |
| Release | : 2021-04-27 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 111950757X |
Examines how solar and terrestrial space phenomena affect sophisticated technological systems Contemporary society relies on sophisticated technologies to manage electricity distribution, communication networks, transportation safety, and myriad other systems. The successful design and operation of both ground-based and space-based systems must consider solar and terrestrial space phenomena and processes. Space Weather Effects and Applications describes the effects of space weather on various present-day technologies and explores how improved instrumentation to measure Earth's space environment can be used to more accurately forecast changes and disruptions. Volume highlights include: Damage and disruption to orbiting satellite equipment by solar particles and cosmic rays Effects of space radiation on aircraft at high altitudes and latitudes Response of radio and radar-based systems to solar bursts Disturbances to the propagation of radio waves caused by space weather How geomagnetic field changes impact ground-based systems such as pipelines Impacts of human exposure to the space radiation environment The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals. Find out more about the Space Physics and Aeronomy collection in this Q&A with the Editors in Chief
| Author | : Oliver Montenbruck |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 378 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3642583512 |
This modern presentation guides readers through the theory and practice of satellite orbit prediction and determination. Starting from the basic principles of orbital mechanics, it covers elaborate force models as well as precise methods of satellite tracking. The accompanying CD-ROM includes source code in C++ and relevant data files for applications. The result is a powerful and unique spaceflight dynamics library, which allows users to easily create software extensions. An extensive collection of frequently updated Internet resources is provided through WWW hyperlinks.
| Author | : Frank A. Marcos |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 28 |
| Release | : 1979 |
| Genre | : Accelerometers |
| ISBN | : |
Satellite accelerometer measurements of atmospheric density have provided significant improvement in our understanding of the structure and dynamics of the lower thermosphere. Derivation of accurate data with this technique requires removal of instrument bias from the total sensor output. The ROCA (Rotatable Calibration Accelerometer) experiment was flown to provide and orbital calibration capability on the three-axis stabilized S3-4 satellite. The ROCA sensitive axis could be operated in either of two orientations selectable by ground command. For density measurement (normal operating mode) the sensitive axis was aligned with the satellite velocity vector. For direct measurement of bias, the sensitive axis was aligned perpendicular to the velocity vector. Utilization of the inflight calibration technique showed a dependence of the bias upon the instrument operating temperature. Removal of the bias-temperature component from the total acceleration signal obtained in the normal operating mode permits derivation of accurate density data. Measurements of atmospheric density were obtained during approximately 600 orbits over a five month period. The resulting ROCA data will be utilized for improved satellite ephemeris computations and for detailed studies of the lower thermosphere, particularly those related to energy inputs at high latitudes. (Author).
| Author | : J.R. Wertz |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 877 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 9400999070 |
Roger D. Werking Head, Attitude Determination and Control Section National Aeronautics and Space Administration/ Goddard Space Flight Center Extensiye work has been done for many years in the areas of attitude determination, attitude prediction, and attitude control. During this time, it has been difficult to obtain reference material that provided a comprehensive overview of attitude support activities. This lack of reference material has made it difficult for those not intimately involved in attitude functions to become acquainted with the ideas and activities which are essential to understanding the various aspects of spacecraft attitude support. As a result, I felt the need for a document which could be used by a variety of persons to obtain an understanding of the work which has been done in support of spacecraft attitude objectives. It is believed that this book, prepared by the Computer Sciences Corporation under the able direction of Dr. James Wertz, provides this type of reference. This book can serve as a reference for individuals involved in mission planning, attitude determination, and attitude dynamics; an introductory textbook for stu dents and professionals starting in this field; an information source for experimen ters or others involved in spacecraft-related work who need information on spacecraft orientation and how it is determined, but who have neither the time nor the resources to pursue the varied literature on this subject; and a tool for encouraging those who could expand this discipline to do so, because much remains to be done to satisfy future needs.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 466 |
| Release | : 1990 |
| Genre | : Aeronautics |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : James N. Bass |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 68 |
| Release | : 1975 |
| Genre | : Artificial satellites |
| ISBN | : |
Atmospheric densities are computed from analysis of Doppler beacon satellite data. Modifications to Doppler beacon data processing program CELEST necessary for this study are described. Results obtained for satellites DB-7(6382), DB-8(6727), and DB-9(6928) are found to be in good agreement with those obtained by analysis of skin track data for the same satellites using program CADNIP. (Author).
| Author | : P. A. Capo-Lugo |
| Publisher | : Woodhead Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 438 |
| Release | : 2017-11-13 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9780081016855 |
Aimed at students, faculty and professionals in the aerospace field, this book provides practical information on the development, analysis, and control of a single and/or multiple spacecraft in space. This book is divided into two major sections: single and multiple satellite motion. The first section analyses the orbital mechanics, orbital perturbations, and attitude dynamics of a single satellite around the Earth. Using the knowledge of a single satellite motion, the translation of a group of satellites called formation flying or constellation is explained. Formation flying has been one of the main research topics over the last few years and this book explains different control approaches to control the satellite attitude motion and/or to maintain the constellation together. The control schemes are explained in the discrete domain such that it can be easily implemented on the computer on board the satellite. The key objective of this book is to show the reader the practical and the implementation process in the discrete domain. Explains the orbital motion and principal perturbations affecting the satelliteUses the Ares V rocket as an example to explain the attitude motion of a space vehiclePresents the practical approach for different control actuators that can be used in a satellite
| Author | : J. M. Forbes |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 68 |
| Release | : 1974 |
| Genre | : Artificial satellites |
| ISBN | : |
An empirical density model based on drag analyses of 25 low-perigee satellites is developed for use in predicting low-altitude satellite ephemerides. A stepwise multiple regression analysis is performed with density at 145 km as the dependent variable, and a number of independent variables chosen to represent variations with solar cycle, geomagnetic activity, geomagnetic latitude, season, day of the year, and time of day. Densities between 120 and 500 km are determined from the hydrostatic law in a simple (but physically realistic) analytic form. Comparison of our model with the 1971 Jacchia model shows them both to give very similar variations, differing mostly with respect to solar activity and geomagnetic latitude. The main virtue of our model is that it is represented in an extremely simple analytic form, and therefore ideally suited for implementation in an operational system. (Author).
