Asset Pricing With Heterogeneous Risk Aversion and Portfolio Constraints

Asset Pricing With Heterogeneous Risk Aversion and Portfolio Constraints
Author: Suhas Saha
Publisher:
Total Pages: 57
Release: 2007
Genre:
ISBN:

This paper analyzes the effects of portfolio constraints on asset returns and volatility. Portfolio constraints may arise due to minimum capital requirement regulations, margin requirements or leverage constraints on portfolio managers. We analyze how cross-sectional heterogeneity in preferences affect the equilibrium stock price, returns and volatility in the presence of portfolio constraints. We show that portfolio constraints can simultaneously produce high equity Sharpe ratio and low interest rates in equilibrium. Moreover, the stock returns volatility decreases when the constraint binds. The negative effect of the constraint on stock returns volatility is most pronounced when the constraint binds in the bad state of the economy and the unconstrained investor is poorer than the constrained investor. In our model the constraint binds more frequently in the bad states of the economy. Given the empirical evidence in support of the stylized fact that stock returns volatility is counter-cyclical, our findings therefore suggest that margin requirements are indeed effective in mitigating the wild fluctuations in the stock market volatility when prices go low. We also perform a welfare analysis and show that the unconstrained investor is made better off while the constrained is worse off when the constraint binds.

Asset Pricing with Heterogeneous Preferences, Beliefs, and Portfolio Constraints

Asset Pricing with Heterogeneous Preferences, Beliefs, and Portfolio Constraints
Author: Georgy Chabakauri
Publisher:
Total Pages: 42
Release: 2015
Genre:
ISBN:

Portfolio constraints are widespread and have significant effects on asset prices. This paper studies the effects of constraints in a dynamic economy populated by investors with different risk aversions and beliefs about the rate of economic growth. The paper provides a comparison of various constraints and conditions under which these constraints help match certain empirical facts about asset prices. Under these conditions, borrowing and short-sale constraints decrease stock return volatilities, whereas limited stock market participation constraints amplify them. Moreover, borrowing constraints generate spikes in interest rates and volatilities and have stronger effects on asset prices than short-sale constraints.

Asset Pricing with Heterogeneous and Constrained Investors

Asset Pricing with Heterogeneous and Constrained Investors
Author: Lei Shi
Publisher:
Total Pages: 40
Release: 2019
Genre:
ISBN:

We analyze the joint effect of borrowing and short-sale constraints in a dynamic economy populated by two constrained investors with heterogeneous risk aversions and beliefs. We find that equilibrium prices adjust in such a way that the constraints never simultaneously bind. When the constraints are tight, we observe a regime switch behavior (discontinuities) in the risk-free rate and market price of risk at a critical state, where two equilibria exist, i.e., either constraint can be binding. Stock return volatility is the lowest at the critical state. Imposing a ban on short-sales at the same time when access to credit is restrictive or tightening borrowing during a short-sale ban can potentially move the equilibrium away from the critical state, thus increase stock return volatility rather than reducing it.

Asset Pricing in General Equilibrium with Constraints

Asset Pricing in General Equilibrium with Constraints
Author: Georgy Chabakauri
Publisher:
Total Pages: 51
Release: 2010
Genre:
ISBN:

We evaluate the impact of portfolio constraints on financial markets in a dynamic equilibrium pure exchange economy with one consumption good and heterogeneous investors. Despite numerous applications, portfolio constraints are notoriously difficult to incorporate into dynamic equilibrium analysis unless constrained investors are assumed to have logarithmic preferences. Our solution method yields new insights on the impact of constraints on stock prices without relying on this assumption. We compute the equilibrium when both investors have (identical for simplicity) CRRA preferences, one of them is unconstrained while the other faces an upper bound constraint on the proportion of wealth invested in stocks. We show that tighter constraints lead to higher price-dividend ratios and lower stock-return volatilities when the intertemporal elasticity of substitution (IES) is less than one, and lower price-dividend ratios and higher volatilities when IES is greater than one. Moreover, in the latter case the model generates countercyclical market prices of risk and stock return volatilities, procyclical price-dividend ratios, excess volatility and other patterns consistent with empirical findings. Finally, the baseline analysis is extended to study the impact of various portfolio constraints when investors disagree on mean dividend growth rates. In particular, we explicitly characterize the equilibrium in the unconstrained benchmark economy as well as in the economy with unconstrained pessimist and optimist facing no-borrowing constraint.

Investors and Markets

Investors and Markets
Author: William F. Sharpe
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Total Pages: 232
Release: 2011-01-01
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1400830184

In Investors and Markets, Nobel Prize-winning financial economist William Sharpe shows that investment professionals cannot make good portfolio choices unless they understand the determinants of asset prices. But until now asset-price analysis has largely been inaccessible to everyone except PhDs in financial economics. In this book, Sharpe changes that by setting out his state-of-the-art approach to asset pricing in a nonmathematical form that will be comprehensible to a broad range of investment professionals, including investment advisors, money managers, and financial analysts. Bridging the gap between the best financial theory and investment practice, Investors and Markets will help investment professionals make better portfolio choices by being smarter about asset prices. Based on Sharpe's Princeton Lectures in Finance, Investors and Markets presents a method of analyzing asset prices that accounts for the real behavior of investors. Sharpe makes this technique accessible through a new, one-of-a-kind computer program (available for free on his Web site, at http://www.stanford.edu/~wfsharpe/apsim/index.html) that enables users to create virtual markets, setting the starting conditions and then allowing trading until equilibrium is reached and trading stops. Program users can then analyze the final portfolios and asset prices, see expected returns, and measure risk. In addition to popularizing the most sophisticated form of asset-price analysis, Investors and Markets summarizes much of Sharpe's most important previous work and reflects a lifetime of thinking about investing by one of the leading minds in financial economics. Any serious investment professional will benefit from Sharpe's unique insights.

Neutral and Indifference Portfolio Pricing, Hedging and Investing

Neutral and Indifference Portfolio Pricing, Hedging and Investing
Author: Srdjan Stojanovic
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 274
Release: 2011-09-28
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 0387714170

This book is written for quantitative finance professionals, students, educators, and mathematically inclined individual investors. It is about some of the latest developments in pricing, hedging, and investing in incomplete markets. With regard to pricing, two frameworks are fully elaborated: neutral and indifference pricing. With regard to hedging, the most conservative and relaxed hedging formulas are derived. With regard to investing, the neutral pricing methodology is also considered as a tool for connecting market asset prices with optimal positions in such assets. Srdjan D. Stojanovic is Professor in the Department of Mathematical Sciences at University of Cincinnati (USA) and Professor in the Center for Financial Engineering at Suzhou University (China).