Antibiotic Resistance, Virulence and Attenuation in Staphylococcus Aureus
| Author | : Terissa Alexas Thompson |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 420 |
| Release | : 2017 |
| Genre | : Antibiotics |
| ISBN | : |
Antibiotic Resistance Virulence And Attenuation In Staphylococcus Aureus
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The Rise of Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus
| Author | : Shymaa Enany |
| Publisher | : BoD – Books on Demand |
| Total Pages | : 226 |
| Release | : 2017-03-08 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 953512983X |
Staphylococcus aureus S. aureus is a growing issue both within hospitals and community because of its virulence determinants and the continuing emergence of new strains resistant to antimicrobiotics. In this book, we present the state of the art of S. aureus virulence mechanisms and antibiotic-resistance profiles, providing an unprecedented and comprehensive collection of up-to-date research about the evolution, dissemination, and mechanisms of different staphylococcal antimicrobial resistance patterns alongside bacterial virulence determinants and their impact in the medical field. We include several review chapters to allow readers to better understand the mechanisms of methicillin resistance, glycopeptide resistance, and horizontal gene transfer and the effects of alterations in S. aureus membranes and cell walls on drug resistance. In addition, we include chapters dedicated to unveiling S. aureus pathogenicity with the most current research available on S. aureus exfoliative toxins, enterotoxins, surface proteins, biofilm, and defensive responses of S. aureus to antibiotic treatment.
Insights Into Drug Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : BoD – Books on Demand |
| Total Pages | : 254 |
| Release | : 2021-12-08 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1839627425 |
Staphylococcus aureus is a coccus, gram-positive, non-spore forming, and non-motile bacterium. Its commensal and opportunistic capabilities make it able to colonize different sites of animals and humans. Resistance to antibiotics has resulted in development of new strains and new types within strains. Types of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) include hospital-acquired MRSA (HA-MRSA), community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA), and livestock-acquired MRSA (LA-MRSA). There are also new strains like vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) and vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA). Expansion in resistance is expected to give rise to newer strains resistant to antibiotics such as macrolide (erm gene), tetracycline (tet genes), mupirocin (mupR), and fusidic acid (fusD). Alternative approaches like nanoparticles, bacteriophages, phytochemicals, and more are required to tackle this pathogen. This book contains information on epidemiology, resistance mechanisms, and alternative ways to curtail S. aureus infection, as well as future research opportunities.
Bacterial Pathogenesis
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : Academic Press |
| Total Pages | : 643 |
| Release | : 1998-07-01 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0080860567 |
Established almost 30 years ago, Methods in Microbiology is the most prestigious series devoted to techniques and methodology in the field. Now totally revamped, revitalized, with a new format and expanded scope, Methods in Microbiology will continue to provide you with tried and tested, cutting-edge protocols to directly benefit your research. Focuses on the methods most useful for the microbiologist interested in the way in which bacteria cause disease Includes section devoted to 'Approaches to characterising pathogenic mechanisms' by Stanley Falkow Covers safety aspects, detection, identification and speciation Includes techniques for the study of host interactions and reactions in animals and plants Describes biochemical and molecular genetic approaches Essential methods for gene expression and analysis Covers strategies and problems for disease control
Investigation of Peptidyl-prolyl Cis/trans Isomerases in the Virulence of Staphylococcus Aureus
| Author | : Rebecca Keogh (author) |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 149 |
| Release | : 2020 |
| Genre | : Biofilms |
| ISBN | : |
Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of both hospital and community-associated infections that can manifest in a wide range of diseases. These diseases range in severity from minor skin and soft tissue infections to life-threatening sepsis, endocarditis and meningitis. Of rising concern is the prevalence of antibiotic resistant S. aureus strains in the population, and the lack of new antibiotics being developed to treat them. A greater understanding of the ability of S. aureus to cause infection is crucial to better inform treatments and combat these antibiotic resistant superbugs. The ability of S. aureus to cause such diverse infections can be attributed to the arsenal of virulence factors produced by the bacterium that work to both evade the human immune system and assist in pathogenesis. Many of these virulence factors have redundant or overlapping functions, and consequently, vaccines and antibiotics designed to target one or a small number of virulence factors have had limited success in combatting infection. An alternative approach to targeting individual factors has been to identify global regulators or systems that affect the expression of numerous virulence factors or virulence factor activity in the cell. Peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerases (PPIases) are a family of enzymes that have been shown to regulate virulence factor activity and assist in protein secretion in numerous bacteria. In addition, the deletion of certain PPIases has resulted in an attenuation of virulence, demonstrating their importance in infection. The objective of this dissertation was to characterize three PPIase proteins: PrsA, PpiB and trigger factor (TF) encoded by S. aureus and determine if they contribute to virulence factor production, regulation and disease.
Staphylococcus Aureus and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci
| Author | : Maria de Lourdes Ribeiro de Souza da Cunha |
| Publisher | : Nova Science Publishers |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2014 |
| Genre | : Molecular epidemiology |
| ISBN | : 9781631179389 |
The book covers updated topics on the genus Staphylococcus, including the latest discoveries. In each chapter, the author discusses the results obtained and published during her 20-plus years as a researcher in this area. The book is divided into eight chapters, with a presentation of the genus Staphylococcus, current classification, general characteristics of these bacteria and the clinical significance of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), which are often classified as mere blood culture contaminants, but are the etiological agents most commonly associated with neonatal infections and peritonitis in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Coagulase-negative staphylococci can colonize the surface of catheters and produce an extracellular polysaccharide that leads to the formation of biofilms which potentiate their pathogenicity. The book also focuses on the identification of CoNS, virulence factors responsible for the symptoms and severity of infections caused by Staphylococcus spp. These factors include membrane-active toxins, called cytotoxins, and a group of pyrogenic toxin superantigens. Several current aspects related to the virulence of S. aureus and CoNS are discussed, including isolates of different origins, phenotypic and genotypic techniques for the detection of these toxins, and the gene regulation mechanism involved in the expression of these toxins. Another extremely important topic which is discussed is the resistance of these microorganisms to antimicrobial agents. MRSA currently represent a serious threat to public health worldwide due to the rapid dissemination and diversification of pandemic clones. The epidemiology of MRSA infections is discussed highlights the importance of understanding why specific clones predominated in different regions in order to develop more effective control strategies and to choose more appropriate antimicrobial therapy. In this book, the topics are explained in a clear and objective manner and should be useful for postgraduate students, physicians and researchers.
Treating Infectious Diseases in a Microbial World
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 102 |
| Release | : 2006-01-03 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0309180686 |
Humans coexist with millions of harmless microorganisms, but emerging diseases, resistance to antibiotics, and the threat of bioterrorism are forcing scientists to look for new ways to confront the microbes that do pose a danger. This report identifies innovative approaches to the development of antimicrobial drugs and vaccines based on a greater understanding of how the human immune system interacts with both good and bad microbes. The report concludes that the development of a single superdrug to fight all infectious agents is unrealistic.
Molecular Features of Virulence and Resistance Mechanisms in Nosocomial and Community-Acquired Staphylococcus Aureus
| Author | : Marcela Popa |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2020 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : |
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains are known for their emergent multi-drug resistance phenotypes, implication in nosocomial infections and outbreaks worldwide, being commonly associated with hospital-acquired MRSA (HA-MRSA) and community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) skin and soft tissue infections. S. aureus causes a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms, ranging from mild to life-threatening diseases; disease severity is determined by microorganism-related virulence factors and host condition. The ability of these strains to form microbial biofilms, one of the main pathogenicity factors, generates difficult medical problems, favored by the widespread use of large invasive medical procedures (probes, catheters, heart valves, prostheses). Contamination of these devices is associated with the risk of subsequent development of human infections. The knowledge of virulence and antibiotic resistance patterns of HA-MRSA and CA-MRSA and encoding genes are very important for supporting effective infection control measures and therapy of staphylococcal infections.
