This volume contains a collection of six essays that contribute to the history of the growth of the modern American state by focusing on the development of bureaucracies in selected areas of public policy since 1945. Bureaucracy is the collective organizational structure, procedures, protocols, and set of regulations in place to manage activity, usually in large organizations and government. These writers analyze many aspects of the elaborate bureaucratic structures that have come to characterize our federal government during the 20th century. The authors of the essays are interested in the characteristics of the organizations that have evolved and in how those institutions have influenced policy outcomes.