Animal Disorders
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| Author | : Institute of Medicine |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 111 |
| Release | : 2013-04-25 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0309266335 |
Nervous system diseases and disorders are highly prevalent and substantially contribute to the overall disease burden. Despite significant information provided by the use of animal models in the understanding of the biology of nervous system disorders and the development of therapeutics; limitations have also been identified. Treatment options that are high in efficacy and low in side effects are still lacking for many diseases and, in some cases are nonexistent. A particular problem in drug development is the high rate of attrition in Phase II and III clinical trials. Why do many therapeutics show promise in preclinical animal models but then fail to elicit predicted effects when tested in humans? On March 28 and 29, 2012, the Institute of Medicine Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders convened the workshop "Improving Translation of Animal Models for Nervous System Disorders" to discuss potential opportunities for maximizing the translation of new therapies from animal models to clinical practice. The primary focus of the workshop was to examine mechanisms for increasing the efficiency of translational neuroscience research through discussions about how and when to use animal models most effectively and then best approaches for the interpretation of the data collected. Specifically, the workshop objectives were to: discuss key issues that contribute to poor translation of animal models in nervous system disorders, examine case studies that highlight successes and failures in the development and application of animal models, consider strategies to increase the scientific rigor of preclinical efficacy testing, explore the benefits and challenges to developing standardized animal and behavioral models. Improving the Utility and Translation of Animal Models for Nervous System Disorders: Workshop Summary also identifies methods to facilitate development of corresponding animal and clinical endpoints, indentifies methods that would maximize bidirectional translation between basic and clinical research and determines the next steps that will be critical for improvement of the development and testing of animal models of disorders of the nervous system.
| Author | : Nicholas J. H. Sharp |
| Publisher | : Mosby Incorporated |
| Total Pages | : 379 |
| Release | : 2005 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 9780723432098 |
Updated to keep pace with the cutting edge of technology, the new edition of this essential text has been reorganized and expanded. The broad scope of spinal disorders is covered, along with an abundance of color and black-and-white illustrations. Its well-organized approach begins with chapters on relevant anatomy and clinical examination, proceeding to delve into the most updated diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and pre-operative diagnostic aids, concluding with the review of each spinal disorder. This edition moves from an atlas-style presentation to that of a fully illustrated text. Lengthy figure legends have been replaced with shorter, easier-to-digest figure legends. 50 new color prints and line figures enhance coverage on new spine surgery techniques. A description-rich presentation of surgical procedures, outcomes, and complications makes this edition a vital resource for every clinical practice. This edition moves from an atlas-style presentation to that of a fully illustrated text. Lengthy figure legends have been replaced with shorter, easier-to-digest figure legends. 50 new color prints and line figures enhance coverage on new spine surgery techniques. A description-rich presentation of surgical procedures, outcomes, and complications makes this edition a vital resource for every clinical practice.
| Author | : Puneet Kumar Bansal |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 350 |
| Release | : 2018-01-17 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 9811059810 |
This book introduces undergraduate, postgraduate and research students and scientists to animal models of neurological disorders, along with their working principle and brief procedures. Addressing all the disorders related to the central nervous system (CNS) in a single platform, on the basis of various literature surveys it describes different procedures to induce a single disease with the help of toxins/chemicals. It also includes numerous protocols for inducing single neurological diseases, thus fulfilling an urgent need for a book that makes specific procedures for neurological disorders available, so that specific disease can be induced in laboratories according to the availability of resources. Further, it acquaints readers with the pathological changes that occur in a particular neurological disorder, which reflect specific signs and symptoms of any particular disease, and examines how they affect everyday life. It is a valuable resource for researchers aiming to eradicate or improve neurological disorders by testing the benefits of different drugs.
| Author | : Nicholas H. Dodman |
| Publisher | : Wiley-Blackwell |
| Total Pages | : 332 |
| Release | : 1998-04-15 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 9780632043583 |
Increasingly, veterinarians are called on to treat behavioural disorders in companion pets such as cats, dogs and horses, which can often develop aggressive compulsive or other antisocial habits. In America, veterinarians are beginning to treat these disorders with psychotropic drugs such as Prozac, which have already been shown to yield good results in humans. In the UK, these drugs cannot yet be used on animals, but a number of pharmaceutical companies are developing derivatives for use in animal practice and these products are eagerly awaited. The effects are expected to be as far-reaching as tranquillisers and antidegressants were when they were introduced into human medicine.
| Author | : Kurt Leroy Hoffman |
| Publisher | : Woodhead Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 325 |
| Release | : 2015-08-28 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0081001061 |
Modeling Neuropsychiatric Disorders in Laboratory Animals serves as a guide for students and basic investigators in the fields of behavioral sciences, psychology, neuroscience, psychiatry, and other professionals interested in the use of animal models in preclinical research related to human neuropsychiatric disorders. The text focuses on the rationale and theory of using animal behavior, both pathological and normal, as a tool for understanding the neural underpinnings of neuropsychiatric disorders. Chapters contain discussions on both classical and modern views on the validation of animal models for neuropsychiatric disorders, also discussing the utility of endophenotypes in modeling neuropsychiatric disease. Subsequent chapters deal with four specific classes of disorders, including anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. Final sections discuss the future for the development, validation, and use of animal models in basic and preclinical research. - Focuses on the rationale and theory of using animal behavior, both pathological and normal, as a tool for understanding the neural underpinnings of neuropsychiatric disorders - Serves as a guide for students and basic investigators in the fields of behavioral sciences, psychology, neuroscience, psychiatry, and other professionals - Discusses specific classes of disorders, including anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, obsessive-compulsive and related disorders
| Author | : P. Michael Conn |
| Publisher | : Academic Press |
| Total Pages | : 1109 |
| Release | : 2013-05-29 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0124159125 |
Animal Models for the Study of Human Disease identifies important animal models and assesses the advantages and disadvantages of each model for the study of human disease. The first section addresses how to locate resources, animal alternatives, animal ethics and related issues, much needed information for researchers across the biological sciences and biomedicine.The next sections of the work offers models for disease-oriented topics, including cardiac and pulmonary diseases, aging, infectious diseases, obesity, diabetes, neurological diseases, joint diseases, visual disorders, cancer, hypertension, genetic diseases, and diseases of abuse. - Organized by disease orientation for ease of searchability - Provides information on locating resources, animal alternatives and animal ethics - Covers a broad range of animal models used in research for human disease
| Author | : Michael D. Willard |
| Publisher | : Elsevier Health Sciences |
| Total Pages | : 434 |
| Release | : 2011-12-13 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1437706584 |
A quick guide to appropriately selecting and interpreting laboratory tests, Small Animal Clinical Diagnosis by Laboratory Methods, 5th Edition helps you utilize your in-house lab or your specialty reference lab to efficiently make accurate diagnoses without running a plethora of unnecessary and low-yield tests. It provides answers to commonly asked questions relating to laboratory tests, and solutions to frequently encountered problems in small animal diagnosis. For easy reference, information is provided by clinical presentation and abnormalities, and includes hundreds of tables, boxes, key points, and algorithms. This edition, now in full color, is updated with the latest advances in laboratory testing methods and diagnostic problem solving. Written by noted educators Dr. Michael Willard and Dr. Harold Tvedten, this book may be used as an on-the-spot guide to specific problems or conditions as well as a reference for more detailed research on difficult cases. - Concise discussions address laboratory approaches to various disorders, possible conclusions from various test results, artifacts and errors in diagnoses, and interpretations leading to various diagnoses. - Hundreds of tables, boxes, algorithms, and key points offer at-a-glance information including cautions, common pitfalls, and helpful "pearls," and lead to proper differential and clinical diagnostic decision making. - Note boxes identify key considerations in correlating clinical signs with test data for accurate diagnoses, highlight safety precautions, and offer helpful tips for sample preparation and interpretation. - Chapters on laboratory diagnostic toxicology and therapeutic drug monitoring help in handling potentially fatal poisonings and other special situations. - Expert editors and contributors provide clinical knowledge and successful diagnostic problem-solving solutions. - A practical appendix lists referral laboratories that may be contacted for certain diseases, and reference values with the normal or expected range for coagulation, hematology, and more. - Updated coverage integrates the newest advances in testing methods and diagnostic problem solving. - Full-color photos and schematic drawings are placed adjacent to related text, and accurately depict diagnostic features on microscopic slide preparations as well as test procedures and techniques.
| Author | : Bruce Grahn |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 426 |
| Release | : 2018-11-20 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1118388771 |
Histologic Basis of Ocular Disease in Animals ist ein umfassendes Referenzwerk zur Pathologie der Augen bei einer ganzen Reihe von Tierarten, u. a. Haustiere, Fische, Vögel und Laborversuchstiere. - Umfassendes Nachschlagewerk zu Erkrankungen und Störungen von Auge und Augenhöhle bei einer Vielzahl von Tierarten. - Deckt auch Haustiere, Fische, Vögel und Laborversuchstiere ab. - Enthält mehr als 1200 hochwertige Bilder, die sorgfältig ausgesucht wurden, um die vorgestellten Augenerkrankungen darzustellen. - Legt den Schwerpunkt auf einzigartige pathologische Reaktion, wenn erforderlich.
| Author | : Nicole C. Nelson |
| Publisher | : University of Chicago Press |
| Total Pages | : 262 |
| Release | : 2018-04-04 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 022654611X |
Mice are used as model organisms across a wide range of fields in science today—but it is far from obvious how studying a mouse in a maze can help us understand human problems like alcoholism or anxiety. How do scientists convince funders, fellow scientists, the general public, and even themselves that animal experiments are a good way of producing knowledge about the genetics of human behavior? In Model Behavior, Nicole C. Nelson takes us inside an animal behavior genetics laboratory to examine how scientists create and manage the foundational knowledge of their field. Behavior genetics is a particularly challenging field for making a clear-cut case that mouse experiments work, because researchers believe that both the phenomena they are studying and the animal models they are using are complex. These assumptions of complexity change the nature of what laboratory work produces. Whereas historical and ethnographic studies traditionally portray the laboratory as a place where scientists control, simplify, and stabilize nature in the service of producing durable facts, the laboratory that emerges from Nelson’s extensive interviews and fieldwork is a place where stable findings are always just out of reach. The ongoing work of managing precarious experimental systems means that researchers learn as much—if not more—about the impact of the environment on behavior as they do about genetics. Model Behavior offers a compelling portrait of life in a twenty-first-century laboratory, where partial, provisional answers to complex scientific questions are increasingly the norm.
| Author | : Richard McCarty |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press, USA |
| Total Pages | : 673 |
| Release | : 2020 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0190697261 |
Stress has been recognized as an important factor in the development or recurrence of various mental disorders, from major depressive disorder to bipolar disorder to anxiety disorders. Stressful stimuli also appear to exert their effects by acting upon individuals with susceptible genotypes. Over the past 50 years, animal models have been developed to study these dynamic interactions between stressful stimuli and genetically susceptible individuals during prenatal and postnatal development and into adulthood. Stress and Mental Disorders: Insights from Animal Models begins with a discussion of the history of psychiatric diagnosis and the recent goal of moving toward precision psychiatry, followed by a review of clinical research on connections between stressful stimuli and the development of psychiatric disorders. Chapters are also included on neuroendocrine, immune, and brain systems involved in responses to stress. Additional chapters focus on the development of animal models in psychiatry and the susceptibility of the developing organism to stressful stimuli. Subsequent chapters are devoted to animal models of specific stress-sensitive psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. These chapters also focus on identification of promising molecular targets for development of new drug therapies. The section concludes with a chapter on animal models of resilience to stress-induced behavioral alterations as a newer approach to understanding why some animals are susceptible to stress and others are resilient, even though they are essentially genetically identical. The final chapter discusses how these basic laboratory studies are providing promising leads for future breakthroughs in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental disorders.
