Allelopathy in Agroecosystems

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems
Author: Ravinder Kumar Kohli
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 470
Release: 2001-08-17
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9781560220916

Discover environmentally safe ways to control weeds and pests! Until now farmers have had to choose between using expensive herbicides and fertilizers, which pollute the water table, or watching crop yields drop. All too often, crop yields dropped anyway, despite intensive farming. Allelopathy in Agroecosystems offers fresh hope. It provides an in-depth understanding of allelopathy-the mysterious, complex biochemical interactions among plants and microbes. This little-understood phenomenon plays a large role in agriculture, for good or ill. It can lead to changes in nutrient dynamics, vegetation structure, and species diversity. This comprehensive treatise is the first compendium devoted to explaining and exploring these chemical interactions in agricultural crop systems. Allelopathy in Agroecosystems explains how these interactions can make soil “sick,” especially in intensively cropped areas. This leads to less growth and lower yield. On the other hand, it has great potential as an environmentally safe method of weed and pest management. The fascinating original research presented here will help you understand the complexities of this invisible yet potent force in agriculture. Allelopathy in Agroecosystems examines this interaction as it affects the most important concerns of farmers and agronomists, including: beneficial interactions between crops weed control using crop residues crop rotation natural herbicides genetic engineering soil rhizosphere bacteria improving pastures forest/crop interactions sustainable management of agroecosystems new directions for research International in scope, Allelopathy in Agroecosystems offers an abundance of scientific data on this revolutionary new concept. It offers incalculable potential for rescuing farmed-out land, increasing crop yields, and cutting back on expensive soil additives. Every agronomist, environmental scientist, policymaker, agricultural librarian, and advocate of sustainable farming needs this book.

Allelopathy

Allelopathy
Author: Zahid A. Cheema
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 513
Release: 2012-09-17
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3642305954

Allelopathy is an ecological phenomenon by which plants release organic chemicals (allelochemicals) into the environment influencing the growth and survival of other organisms. In this book, leading scientists in the field synthesize latest developments in allelopathy research with a special emphasis on its application in sustainable agriculture. The following topics are highlighted: Ecological implications, such as the role of allelopathy during the invasion of alien plant species; regional experiences with the application of allelopathy in agricultural systems and pest management; the use of microscopy for modeling allelopathy; allelopathy and abiotic stress tolerance; host allelopathy and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; allelopathic interaction with plant nutrition; and the molecular mechanisms of allelopathy. This book is an invaluable source of information for scientists, teachers and advanced students in the fields of plant physiology, agriculture, ecology, environmental sciences, and molecular biology.

Plants as Persons

Plants as Persons
Author: Matthew Hall
Publisher: State University of New York Press
Total Pages: 251
Release: 2011-05-06
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 1438434308

Plants are people too? No, but in this work of philosophical botany Matthew Hall challenges readers to reconsider the moral standing of plants, arguing that they are other-than-human persons. Plants constitute the bulk of our visible biomass, underpin all natural ecosystems, and make life on Earth possible. Yet plants are considered passive and insensitive beings rightly placed outside moral consideration. As the human assault on nature continues, more ethical behavior toward plants is needed. Hall surveys Western, Eastern, Pagan, and Indigenous thought as well as modern science for attitudes toward plants, noting the particular resources for plant personhood and those modes of thought which most exclude plants. The most hierarchical systems typically put plants at the bottom, but Hall finds much to support a more positive view of plants. Indeed, some indigenous animisms actually recognize plants as relational, intelligent beings who are the appropriate recipeints of care and respect. New scientific findings encourage this perspective, revealing that plants possess many of the capacities of sentience and mentality traditionally denied them.

Pokeweed (Phytolacca Americana)

Pokeweed (Phytolacca Americana)
Author: Arnold Krochmal
Publisher:
Total Pages: 12
Release: 1970
Genre: Molluscicides
ISBN:

S2Pokeweed, a plant abundant in Appalachia, exhibits some chemical similarities to a related species that has shown molluscicidal properties. Because this suggests that pokeweed, Phytolacca americana L. (P. decandra L.), has potential for controlling fresh-water snails, we have compiled this report of its chemical composition, uses, propagation methods, and other potentially useful species of the genus Phytolacca. The related species, Phytolacca dodencandra L'Her, was found to be the source of a molluscicide, which could pIay an important role in control of bilharziasis, a parasitic disease of humans widespread in Puerto Rico, Africa, and other tropical areas (22). Dead snails and small fish were observed in waterways in areas of Ethiopia where people washed their clothes with this Phytolacca's fruit, which is rich in saponins. Some distance downstream and immediately upstream from the washing places, abundant live snails were present, suggesting that the fruit contained a toxin acting as a molluscicide. This was subsequently confirmed by laboratory tests; tap-water extracts of the dried and powdered fruit had an LC100 (lethal concentration) of 10 parts per million against snails (Biomphalaria, Bulinus: and Lymnea spp.) after 24-hour exposure at 23OC. Furthermore, it was shown that molluscicidal potency was not affected by the presence of soil or vegetable matter, an important factor when the molluscicide is used under natural conditions. S3.

Plant-Caused Skin Disorders

Plant-Caused Skin Disorders
Author: Vaskrsija Janjić
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Total Pages: 345
Release: 2021-09-28
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1527575411

This book covers the basic concepts of phytodermatoses and groups of compounds in plants that have such physiological effects on humans. In order to allow the reader a better understanding of phytodermatoses, skin reactions caused by contact with plants are classified as allergic contact dermatitis, irritant contact dermatitis, contact urticarial, and phytophoto dermatitis. Dermatoses are caused by certain plant constituents that are often classified into groups, such as alkaloids, glycosides, glucosinolates, saponins, phenols, and other compounds. The book also describes 68 plants species that cause dermatoses in humans, especially in those who are engaged in their production, cultivation, planting, pruning, arranging and selling. The plants are classified into 25 families to which they belong. For each plant, the morphological description, habitat, distribution, variability, and their main constituents with toxic and dermatological effects are given.

Plant Ecophysiology

Plant Ecophysiology
Author: Majeti Narasimha Vara Prasad
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 562
Release: 1996-12-24
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9780471131571

Twenty-nine, prominent, international researchers provide contributions which deal with understanding the basic ecophysiological and molecular principles governing the functioning of plant systems in relation to their environment. Divided into two headings: biotic and abiotic; the first consists of abiotic, natural environmental factors--light, ultraviolet radiation, chilling and freezing, high temperatures, drought, flooding, salt and trace metals. The latter half presents anthropogenic aspects including allelochemicals, herbicides, polyamines, air pollutants, carbon dioxide, radioisotopes and fire.