Transport and Fate of Chemicals in the Environment

Transport and Fate of Chemicals in the Environment
Author: John S. Gulliver
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 375
Release: 2012-12-12
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1461457319
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What happens when a chemical is released into the environment? It diffuses, disperses, adsorbs, reacts, and/or changes state. To predict and analyze this process, the mathematics of diffusion is applied to lakes, rivers, groundwater, the atmosphere, the oceans, and transport between these media. A sustainable world requires a deep understanding of the transport of chemicals through the environment and how to address and harness this process. This volume presents a succinct and in-depth introduction to this critical topic. Featuring authoritative, peer-reviewed articles from the Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, Transport and Fate of Chemicals in the Environment represents an essential one-stop reference for an audience of researchers, undergraduate and graduate students, and industry professionals.

Turbulent Buoyant Jets and Plumes

Turbulent Buoyant Jets and Plumes
Author: Wolfgang Rodi
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 193
Release: 2014-05-09
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1483189872
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The Science & Applications of Heat and Mass Transfer: Reports, Reviews, & Computer Programs, Volume 6: Turbulent Buoyant Jets and Plumes focuses on the formation, properties, characteristics, and reactions of turbulent jets and plumes. The selection first offers information on the mechanics of turbulent buoyant jets and plumes and turbulent buoyant jets in shallow fluid layers. Discussions focus on submerged buoyant jets into shallow fluid, horizontal surface or interface jets into shallow layers, fundamental considerations, and turbulent buoyant jets (forced plumes). The manuscript then examines a turbulence model for buoyant flows and its application to vertical buoyant jets, including mathematical model, calculation of vertical buoyant jets, and explanation of velocity and temperature spreading in pure jets and pure plumes. The publication is a dependable reference for scientists and readers interested in turbulent buoyant jets and plumes.

Sprayed Concrete Lined Tunnels

Sprayed Concrete Lined Tunnels
Author: Alun Thomas
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 2354
Release: 2008-10-08
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0415365465
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Practising engineers on site, in the design office or in client organizations will find this book an excellent introduction to the design and construction of sprayed concrete lined (SCL) tunnels. The complex behaviour of the early age behaviour of the sprayed concrete requires careful management. This book covers all aspects of SCL tunnelling – from the constituents of sprayed concrete to detailed design and management during construction. Although there is a close interdependence between all the facets of sprayed concrete, few engineers have the right breadth of experience and expertise, and this urgently needs to be transferred to the wider engineering community. Disseminating essential information for tunnelling engineers, Sprayed Concrete Lined Tunnels is key reading for all involved in or studying the process.