Zoning Rules!

Zoning Rules!
Author: William A. Fischel
Publisher:
Total Pages: 416
Release: 2015
Genre: Electronic books
ISBN: 9781558442887

"Zoning has for a century enabled cities to chart their own course. It is a useful and popular institution, enabling homeowners to protect their main investment and provide safe neighborhoods. As home values have soared in recent years, however, this protection has accelerated to the degree that new housing development has become unreasonably difficult and costly. The widespread Not In My Backyard (NIMBY) syndrome is driven by voters’ excessive concern about their home values and creates barriers to growth that reach beyond individual communities. The barriers contribute to suburban sprawl, entrench income and racial segregation, retard regional immigration to the most productive cities, add to national wealth inequality, and slow the growth of the American economy. Some state, federal, and judicial interventions to control local zoning have done more harm than good. More effective approaches would moderate voters’ demand for local-land use regulation—by, for example, curtailing federal tax subsidies to owner-occupied housing"--Publisher's description.

The Economics of Zoning Laws

The Economics of Zoning Laws
Author: William A. Fischel
Publisher: JHU Press
Total Pages: 396
Release: 1987-08
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9780801835629

Land use controls can affect the quality of the environment, the provision of public services, the distribution of income and wealth, the development of natural resources, and the growth of the national economy. The Economics of Zoning Laws is the first book to apply the modern economic theory of property rights to all major aspects of zoning. Zoning laws are neither irrational constrints on otherwise efficient markets nor disinterested attempts to correct market failure. Rather, zoning must be viewed as a collective property right, vested in local governments and administered by politicians who rationally repsond to their constituents and to developers as markets for development rights arise. The Economics of Zoning Laws develops the economic theories of property rights and public choice and applies them to three zoning controversies: the siting of a large industrial plant, the exclusionary zoning of the suburbs, and the constitutional protection of propery owners from excessive regulation. Economic and legal theory, William Fischel contends, suggest that payment of damages under the taking clause of the Constitution may provide the most effective remedy for excessive zoning regulations.

Application of the Cohesive Zone Model to the Analysis of Rotors with a Transverse Crack

Application of the Cohesive Zone Model to the Analysis of Rotors with a Transverse Crack
Author: Rugerri Toni Liong
Publisher: KIT Scientific Publishing
Total Pages: 212
Release: 2014-09-03
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 3866447914

Ein Riss im Rotor ruft eine lokale Steifigkeitsänderung hervor. Die vorliegende Arbeit ermittelt die Steifigkeitsänderung einer angerissenen Welle. Dazu wird ein Kohäsivzonenmodell eingesetzt. Das Modell wurde für die erste Rissöffnungsmode bei ebenem Verzerrungszustand in Abhängigkeit der Mehrachsigkeit des Spannungszustandes (Triaxialität) entwickelt. Außerdemwird das Kohäsivzonenmodell bei einem eindimensionalen Kontinuumsrotor als FE Modell ausgeführt.

Women and the Environment

Women and the Environment
Author: Irwin Altman
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 344
Release: 1994-07-31
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 0306446804

This thirteenth volume in the series addresses an increasingly salient worldwide research, design, and policy issue-women and physical environments. We live in an era of worldwide social change. Some nation-states are fracturing or disintegrating, migrations are resulting from political up heavals and economic opportunities, some ethnic and national animosi ties are resurfacing, and global and national economic systems are under stress. Furthermore, the variability of interpersonal and familial forms is increasing, and cultural subgroups-minorities, women, the physically challenged, gays, and lesbians-are vigorously demanding their rights in societies and are becoming significant economic and political forces. Although these social-system changes affect many people, their im pact on women is especially salient. Women are at the center of most forms of family life. Whether in traditional or contemporary cultures, women's roles in child rearing, home management, and community relations have and will continue to be central, regardless of emerging and changing family structures. And, because of necessity and oppor tunity, women are increasingly engaged in paid work in and outside the home (women in most cultures have historically always worked, but often not for pay). Their influence in cultures and societies is also mounting in the social, political, and economic spheres. In technological societies, women are playing higher-level roles, though still in small numbers, in economic and policy domains. This trend is likely to acceler ate in the twenty-first century.

Zoned in the USA

Zoned in the USA
Author: Sonia A. Hirt
Publisher: Cornell University Press
Total Pages: 258
Release: 2015-02-24
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 0801454700

Why are American cities, suburbs, and towns so distinct? Compared to European cities, those in the United States are characterized by lower densities and greater distances; neat, geometric layouts; an abundance of green space; a greater level of social segregation reflected in space; and—perhaps most noticeably—a greater share of individual, single-family detached housing. In Zoned in the USA, Sonia A. Hirt argues that zoning laws are among the important but understudied reasons for the cross-continental differences.Hirt shows that rather than being imported from Europe, U.S. municipal zoning law was in fact an institution that quickly developed its own, distinctly American profile. A distinct spatial culture of individualism—founded on an ideal of separate, single-family residences apart from the dirt and turmoil of industrial and agricultural production—has driven much of municipal regulation, defined land-use, and, ultimately, shaped American life. Hirt explores municipal zoning from a comparative and international perspective, drawing on archival resources and contemporary land-use laws from England, Germany, France, Australia, Russia, Canada, and Japan to challenge assumptions about American cities and the laws that guide them.

Growth Management and Affordable Housing

Growth Management and Affordable Housing
Author: Anthony Downs
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
Total Pages: 308
Release: 2004-06-15
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9780815796589

Advocates of growth management and smart growth often propose policies that raise housing prices, thereby making housing less affordable to many households trying to buy or rent homes. Such policies include urban growth boundaries, zoning restrictions on multi-family housing, utility district lines, building permit caps, and even construction moratoria. Does this mean there is an inherent conflict between growth management and smart growth on the one hand, and creating more affordable housing on the other? Or can growth management and smart growth promote policies that help increase the supply of affordable housing? These issues are critical to the future of affordable housing because so many local communities are adopting various forms of growth management or smart growth in response to growth-related problems. Those problems include rising traffic congestion, the absorption of open space by new subdivisions, and higher taxes to pay for new infrastructures. This book explores the relationship between growth management and smart growth and affordable housing in depth. It draws from material presented at a symposium on these subjects held at the Brookings Institution in May 2003, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, the National Association of Realtors, and the Fannie Mae Foundation. Contributors seek to inform the debate and provide some useful answers to help the nation accommodate the curtailment of growth in urban and suburban domains while still ensuring a supply of affordable housing. Contributors include Karen Destorel Brown (Brookings), Robert Burchell, (Rutgers University), Daniel Carlson (University of Washington), David L. Crawford (Econsult Corporation), Anthony Downs (Brookings), Ingrid Gould Ellen (New York University), William Fischel (Dartmouth College), George C. Galster (Wayne State University), Jill Khadduri (Abt Associates), Gerrit J. Knaap (University of Maryland), Robert Lang (Virginia Polytechnic

The Third Body Concept: Interpretation of Tribological Phenomena

The Third Body Concept: Interpretation of Tribological Phenomena
Author: C.M. Taylor
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 779
Release: 1996-09-11
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0080875955

The central theme of this book, The Third Body Concept: Interpretation of Tribological Phenomena, was chosen to honour the work of Professor Maurice Godet. The aim of this and previous conferences in the series is to select a topic of current interest to tribologists in order to further advance knowledge in selected fields. Presented by leading scientists from 23 countries, these proceedings provide an up-to-date review of developments in this field..