Guide to Reference and Standard Atmosphere Models

Guide to Reference and Standard Atmosphere Models
Author: American National Standards Institute
Publisher: AIAA (American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics)
Total Pages: 74
Release: 1997
Genre: Science
ISBN:

This standard provides guidelines for selecting reference and standard atmospheric models for engineering design or scientific research. The guide describes the content of the model, uncertainties and limitations, technical basis, data bases from which the model is formed, publication references, and sources of computer code for thirty-three (33) atmospheric models for altitudes from Earth's surface to 2400 kilometers, which are generally recognized in the aerospace sciences. Information on atmospheric models for Mars and Venus is also included. This Guide is intended to assist aircraft and space vehicle designers and developers, geophysicists, meteorologists, and climatotogists in understanding available models, comparing sources of data, and interpreting engineering and scientific results based on different atmospheric models.

Guide to Reference and Standard Atmosphere Models

Guide to Reference and Standard Atmosphere Models
Author: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Staff
Publisher:
Total Pages: 68
Release: 1990
Genre:
ISBN: 9780930403843

This reference (G-003A) provides guidelines for selecting atmospheric models for engineering design or atmospheric research. Thirty atmospheric models for altitudes from Earth surface to 2500 kilometres are described in detail, with information such as the technical basis of each.

The NASA/MSFC Global Reference Atmospheric Model: 1999 Version (GRAM-99)

The NASA/MSFC Global Reference Atmospheric Model: 1999 Version (GRAM-99)
Author: Carl Gerald Justus
Publisher:
Total Pages: 94
Release: 1999
Genre: Atmosphere
ISBN:

The latest version of Global Reference Atmospheric Model (GRAM-99) is presented and discussed. GRAM-99 uses either (binary) Global Upper Air Climatic Atlas (GUACA) or (ASCII) Global Gridded Upper Air Statistics (GGUAS) CD-ROM data sets, for 0-27 km altitudes. As with earlier versions, GRAM-99 provides complete geographical and altitude coverage for each month of the year. GRAM-99 uses a specially-developed data set, based on Middle Atmosphere Program (MAP) data, for 20-120 km altitudes, and NASA's 1999 version Marshall Engineering Thermosphere (MET-99) model for heights above 90 km. Fairing techniques assure smooth transition in overlap height ranges (2()%27 km and 9% 120km). GRAM-99 includes water vapor and 11 other atmospheric constituents (03, N20 CO, CH4, CO2, N2, 02, 0, A, He and H). A variable-scale perturbation model provides both large-scale (wave) and small-scale (stochastic) deviations from mean values for thermodynamic variables and horizontal and vertical wind components. The small-scale perturbation model includes improvements in representing intermittency ("patchiness"). A major new feature is an option to substitute Range Reference Atmosphere (RRA) data for conventional GRAM climatology when a trajectory passes sufficiently near any RRA site. A complete user's guide for running the program, plus sample input and output, is provided. An example is provided for how to incorporate GRAM-99 as subroutines in other programs (e.g., trajectory codes).