Power Sharing and International Mediation in Ethnic Conflicts

Power Sharing and International Mediation in Ethnic Conflicts
Author: Timothy D. Sisk
Publisher: US Institute of Peace Press
Total Pages: 180
Release: 1996
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 9781878379566

Can power sharing prevent violent ethnic conflict? And if so, how can the international community best promote that outcome? In this concise volume, Timothy Sisk defines power sharing as practices and institutions that result in broad-based governing coalitions generally inclusive of all major ethnic groups. He identifies the principal approaches to power sharing, including autonomy, federations, and proportional electoral systems. In addition, Sisk highlights the problems with various power-sharing approaches and practices that have been raised by scholars and practitioners alike, and the instances where power-sharing experiments have succeeded and where they have failed. Finally, he offers some guidance to policymakers as they ponder power-sharing arrangements.

Central Asia

Central Asia
Author: P. Stobdan
Publisher:
Total Pages: 276
Release: 2014
Genre: Democracy
ISBN: 9788182747524

Central Asia remains both stable and unpredictable after 20 years of its reemergence. The states here continue to undergo complex nation-building process, which is far from complete, but they firmly remain insulated by Russia and but more increasingly so by China. Only Kyrgyzstan has so far uniquely followed a liberal polity, but this young country had to cope with two revolutions before achieving a parliamentary democracy in 2010. However, the institution of democracy remains weak because of some difficult and intricate internal and external challenges i.e., economic, ethnic, Islamic, narcotic along with convoluted strategic games played by major powers in Kyrgyzstan. It is the only country in the world that hosts military bases of both Russia and the United States. The country retains strong Chinese economic influence. The book is an attempt to provide an overview of political and strategic processes at work in the region by taking the case of Kyrgyzstan, tracing the events erupted since 2005 and more after 2010. It contains aspects of India's engagement in Kyrgyzstan and throws light on India's newly launched 'Connect Central Asia' policy.

Nationalism in Central Asia

Nationalism in Central Asia
Author: Nick Megoran
Publisher: University of Pittsburgh Press
Total Pages: 340
Release: 2017-10-04
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 0822982390

Nick Megoran explores the process of building independent nation-states in post-Soviet Central Asia through the lens of the disputed border territory between Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan. In his rich "biography" of the boundary, he employs a combination of political, cultural, historical, ethnographic, and geographic frames to shed new light on nation-building process in this volatile and geopolitically significant region. Megoran draws on twenty years of extensive research in the borderlands via interviews, observations, participation, and newspaper analysis. He considers the problems of nationalist discourse versus local vernacular, elite struggles versus borderland solidarities, boundary delimitation versus everyday experience, border control versus resistance, and mass violence in 2010, all of which have exacerbated territorial anxieties. Megoran also revisits theories of causation, such as the loss of Soviet control, poorly defined boundaries, natural resource disputes, and historic ethnic clashes, to show that while these all contribute to heightened tensions, political actors and their agendas have clearly driven territorial aspirations and are the overriding source of conflict. As this compelling case study shows, the boundaries of the The Ferghana Valley put in succinct focus larger global and moral questions of what defines a good border.

Restless Valley

Restless Valley
Author: Philip Shishkin
Publisher: Yale University Press
Total Pages: 334
Release: 2013-05-21
Genre: History
ISBN: 0300185987

This award-winning foreign correspondent’s vivid account of Central Asia’s recent history “reads like a novel but is the stuff of hard-won journalism” (Gary Shteyngart, author of Absurdistan). Here are the stories of two revolutions, a massacre of unarmed civilians, a civil war, a drug-smuggling highway, brazen corruption schemes, contract hits, and larger-than-life characters who may be villains, heroes, or possibly both. Restless Valley is a gripping, contemporary chronicle of Central Asia from a veteran journalist with extensive experience in the region. Both Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan have struggled with the challenges of post-Soviet, independent statehood, and both became entangled in America’s Afghan campaign when the United States built military bases within their borders. Meanwhile, the region was becoming a key smuggling hub for Afghanistan’s booming heroin trade. Through the eyes of local participants—the powerful and the powerless—Shishkin reconstructs how Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan have ricocheted between extreme repression and democratic strivings; how alliances with the United States and Russia have brought mixed blessings; and how Stalin’s legacy of ethnic gerrymandering continues to incite conflict today. “The weird, the strange, the corrupt, and the grand are all evident . . . [Shishkin] relentlessly pursues and then tells the stories of the most corrupt and powerful and also the most sincere and admirable characters who inhabit these mountains.” —Ahmed Rashid, The New York Review of Books

Introduction to Kyrgyzstan

Introduction to Kyrgyzstan
Author: Gilad James, PhD
Publisher: Gilad James Mystery School
Total Pages: 81
Release:
Genre: Travel
ISBN: 904647531X

Kyrgyzstan, officially called the Kyrgyz Republic, is a small Central Asian country nestled between Kazakhstan to the north and China to the east. The mountainous terrain of the country is dominated by the Tien Shan mountain range, which stretches from China to Kazakhstan. The capital city of Kyrgyzstan is Bishkek, which is located in the north of the country. The country was part of the Soviet Union until its dissolution in 1991, after which it became an independent republic. Kyrgyzstan has a population of approximately 6 million people and is predominantly ethnic Kyrgyz, with a significant minority of Uzbeks and smaller communities of Russians, Ukrainians, and other Central Asian groups. The official language is Kyrgyz, with Russian also widely spoken. The country has a rich culture and history, with traditional music, dance, and crafts still a part of daily life. Tourism is an important industry for Kyrgyzstan, with many visitors attracted to the country's stunning natural beauty, including Lake Issyk-Kul, one of the largest alpine lakes in the world, and scenic hiking trails in the Tien Shan mountains.

Peacebuilding, Memory and Reconciliation

Peacebuilding, Memory and Reconciliation
Author: Bruno Charbonneau
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 294
Release: 2013-06-17
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1136491104

This book aims to bridge the gap between what are generally referred to as ‘top-down’ and ‘bottom-up’ approaches to peacebuilding. After the experience of a physical and psychological trauma, the period of individual healing and recovery is intertwined with political and social reconciliation. The prospects for social and political reconciliation are undermined when a ‘top-down’ approach is favoured over the ‘bottom-up strategy’- the prioritization of structural stability over societal well-being. Peacebuilding, Memory and Reconciliation explores the inextricable link between psychological recovery and socio-political reconciliation, and the political issues that dominate this relationship. Through an examination of the construction of social narratives about or for peace, the text offers a new perspective on peacebuilding, which challenges and questions the very nature of the dichotomy between ‘top-down’ and ‘bottom-up’ approaches. This book will be of much interest to students of peacebuilding, peace and conflict studies, social psychology, political science and IR in general.

Language Policy and Conflict Prevention

Language Policy and Conflict Prevention
Author: Iryna Ulasiuk
Publisher: BRILL
Total Pages: 327
Release: 2018-04-10
Genre: Law
ISBN: 9004357750

Language policy can promote stability. For many individuals and groups, language is a key component of identity, and threats to it can raise tensions. Respect for linguistic rights, whilst also considering a state’s need to maintain cohesion, reduces conflict potential. The OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities promotes functional solutions to such contentious issues, and the Oslo Recommendations regarding the Linguistic Rights of National Minorities address these challenges. This book analyses the components of a balanced legal and policy framework on language use, with a view to preventing conflict. In addition to reviewing the work of the OSCE HCNM in this area, it also draws upon the expertise of other international organisations and leading academics working in this field. See inside the book.