A Tunable Crystal Diffraction Telescope For The International Space Station
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Release | : 2001 |
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Even though technically innovative, a tunable crystal diffraction telescope for use in nuclear astrophysics has become feasible today. The focusing gamma-ray telescope the authors intended to propose for the space station consists of a tunable crystal diffraction lens, focusing gamma-rays onto a small array of Germanium detectors perched on an extendible boom. While the weight of such an instrument is less than 500 kg, it features an angular resolution of 15 inches, an energy resolution of 2 keV and a 3[sigma] sensitivity of a few times 10[sup[minus]7] photons[center-dot]s[sup[minus]1][center-dot]cm[sup[minus]2] (10[sup 6] sec observation) for any individual narrow line at energies between 200--1,300 keV. This experience would greatly profit from the continuous presence of man on the station. Besides of the infrastructure for maintenance and servicing of the various innovative techniques used for the first time in space, the available extra-vehicular robotics will facilitate deployment of the required boom structure.
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Release | : 2001 |
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Recent experimental work of the Toulouse-Argonne collaboration has opened for perspective of a focusing gamma-ray telescope operating in the energy range of nuclear transitions, featuring unprecedented sensitivity, angular and energy resolution. The instrument consists of a tunable crystal diffraction lens situated on a stabilized spacecraft, focusing gamma-rays onto a small array of Germanium detectors perched on an extendible boom. While the weight of such an instrument is less than 500 kg, it features an angular resolution of 15 in., an energy resolution of 2 keV and a 3[sigma] narrow line sensitivity of a few times 10[sup[minus]7] photons s[sup[minus]1] cm[sup[minus]2] (10[sup 6] sec observation). This instrumental concept permits observation of any identified source at any selected line-energy in a range of typically 200 keV to 1300 keV. The resulting''sequential'' operation mode makes sites of explosive nucleosynthesis natural scientific objectives for such a telescope: the nuclear lines of extragalactic supernovae ([sup 56]Ni, [sup 44]Ti, [sup 60]Fe) and galactic novae (p[sup[minus]]p[sup+] line, [sup 7]Be) are accessible to observation, one at a time, due to the erratic appearance and the sequence of half-lifes of these events. Other scientific objectives, include the narrow 511 keV line from galactic broad class annihilators (such as 1E1740-29, nova musca) and possible redshifted annihilation lines from AGN's.
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Total Pages | : 1020 |
Release | : 1999 |
Genre | : Aeronautics |
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Total Pages | : 11 |
Release | : 1995 |
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This paper contains literature from American Power Conference Air Toxics Being Measured Accurately, Controlled Effectively NO(subscript x) and SO2 Emissions Reduced; Surface Condensers Improve Heat Rate; Usable Fuel from Municipal Solid Waste; Cofiring Technology Reduces Gas Turbine Emissions; Trainable, Rugged Microsensor Identifies of Gases; High-Tc Superconductors Fabricated; High-Temperature Superconducting Current Leads; Vitrification of Low-Level Radioactive and Mixed Wastes; Characterization, Demolition, and Disposal of Contaminated Structures; On-Line Plant Diagnostics and Management; Sulfide Ceramic Materials for Improved Batteries; Flywheel Provides Efficient Energy Storage; Battery Systems for Electric Vehicles; Polymer-Electrolyte Fuel Cells for Transportation; Solid-Oxide Fuel Cells for Transportation; Surface Acoustic Wave Sensor Monitors Emissions in Real-Time; Advance Alternative-Fueled Automotive Technologies; Thermal & Mechanical Process; Flow-Induced Vibration & Flow Distribution in Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers; Ice Slurries for District Cooling; Advanced Fluids; Compact Evaporator and Condenser Technology; and Analysis of Failed Nuclear Power Station Components.
Author | : Swapan K. Saha |
Publisher | : World Scientific Publishing Company Incorporated |
Total Pages | : 604 |
Release | : 2007 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 9812707778 |
Author | : Willard H. Wells |
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Total Pages | : 15 |
Release | : 1962 |
Genre | : Diffraction |
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Total Pages | : 16 |
Release | : 1996 |
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A crystal diffraction lens was constructed at Argonne National Laboratory for use as a telescope to focus nuclear gamma rays. It consisted of 600 single crystals of germanium arranged in 8 concentric rings. The mounted angle of each crystal was adjusted to intercept and diffract the incoming gamma rays with an accuracy of a few arc sec. The performance of the lens was tested in two ways. In one case, the gamma rays were focused on a single medium size germanium detector. In the second case, the gamma rays were focused on the central germanium detector of a 3 x 3 matrix of small germanium detectors. The efficiency, image concentration and image quality, and shape were measured. The tests performed with the 3 x 3 matrix detector system were particularly interesting. The wanted radiation was concentrated in the central detector. The 8 other detectors were used to detect the Compton scattered radiation, and their energy was summed with coincident events in the central detector. This resulted in a detector with the efficiency of a large detector (all 9 elements) and the background of a small detector (only the central element). The use of the 3 x 3 detector matrix makes it possible to tell if the source is off axis and, if so, to tell in which direction. The crystal lens acts very much like a simple convex lens for visible light. Thus if the source is off to the left then the image will focus off to the right illuminating the detector on the right side: telling one in which direction to point the telescope. Possible applications of this type of crystal lens to balloon and satellite experiments will be discussed.
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Total Pages | : 652 |
Release | : 1986 |
Genre | : Space stations |
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Author | : A. Aparicio |
Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages | : 414 |
Release | : 2005-11-17 |
Genre | : Nature |
ISBN | : 9780521858021 |
A text intended for scientists and engineers involved in the definition and development of space science missions.
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Total Pages | : 602 |
Release | : 1995 |
Genre | : Aeronautics |
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Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.