Excerpt from A New Gazetteer of the United States of America The collection and arrangement of the materials for this Gazetteer, were commenced in April, 1830, and have been steadily continued to the present time, Nov. 1832. It must therefore be evident that great labor has been expended upon the work - how satisfactory to the public the result of the undertaking will prove, remains to be decided. It is not with a view to enhance the value or importance of these labors, but to explain one of the principal causes of delay attendant upon the publication of this volume, that some remarks are introduced on the manner, and protracted time of publishing the census, which was not available until June of the current year, or about two years after it was taken; this fact, together with the confused, and utter want of arrangement in that document, renders unnecessary any farther apology for the delay to which we advert. Indeed, as this document is published, it is to a convenient analysis of the population of the U.S., what stones in a quarry are to a building; and deserves to be estimated much as the material, on the ground where an edifice is to be erected. In every state and territory, with the exception of the northern district of New York, the eastern district of Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, the western district of Virginia, North Carolina. Georgia, Kentucky, the western district of Tennessee, and Ohio, an alphabetical arrangement of the census table was generally omitted, and of course to find any given county or town, required an examination of the whole mass. The inconvenience of this arrangement may be estimated, when it is known that five hundred and thirty counties, with their towns, are thus defective in arrangement. Of some states, nothing is given but the aggregate of the counties; and in Georgia, no city, town, or village is named: - the returns of some other states are equally imperfect. These facts will account for numerous apparent deficiencies in population, and explain their true cause. The post offices, particularly in the middle, southern, southwestern, and western states, have been inserted from the official list of 1831; and great pains have been taken, with the aid of the best maps, to locate the most obscure of them. The qualifying term, "post road" has been adopted, as by that the postage of letters, &c. is regulated, altho' in innumerable cases these much exceed more direct routes. In regard to rivers, it may be doubted whether their extent should be estimated by the meanders of the streams, or by the length of their basins, or vallies. Except in New England, New York, and New Jersey, we have chosen to estimate them by the latter method, the length of the surface which they drain. Tanner's new and excellent map of the U.S., a proof sheet of which was early and obligingly forwarded to Mr. Darby, has been the guide generally followed in regard to geographical position; with the aid of this, extensive additions have been made to the geography of the western country, particularly that of the states of Ohio, Illinois, and Indiana, and the territories of Michigan and Huron. The extended plan of this Gazetteer, seemed at first to promise the compiler of that part of it embracing New York, New Jersey, and the New England states, an opportunity to introduce large details of the intellectual and moral institutions of the country; and the hope of accomplishing this object was one great motive for his engaging in the work. Experiment however soon proved, that the prescribed limits, although large, would not allow the introduction of many such detail, without excluding others more practically indispensable, in a work of this kind. He acknowledges his obligations to the authors of the following works, from some of which he has derived much statistical information; Greenleaf's Survey and Map of Maine; Farmer and Moore's Gazetteer of N. Hampshire; Thompson's Gazetteer of Vermont; Spufford's Gazetteer