A Mathematical Model Of The Effects Of Multiple Myeloma On Renal Function
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| Author | : Julia Catherine Walk |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 120 |
| Release | : 2016 |
| Genre | : Immunoglobulins |
| ISBN | : |
The kidneys are organs that play several important roles in the body, including the removal of waste and the regulation of blood pressure. When the kidneys stop functioning correctly, the human body begins to shut down. Because many diseases affect the kidneys, it is important for doctors to be able to evaluate kidney function. We can think of the kidney as a "black box" -- doctors can measure inputs and outputs through blood and urine tests, but rarely know exactly what occurs inside the kidney. Mathematical models that help doctors use those measured inputs and outputs to make predictions are an important method of evaluating kidney function. This thesis focuses on the ways multiple myeloma, a type of plasma cell cancer, affects kidney function. In some patients with multiple myeloma, proteins produced by myeloma cells cause inflammation in the kidney, which causes loss of kidney function and greatly decreases life expectancy. In these chapters, we discuss kidney physiology and describe the process of inflammation caused by myeloma. We introduce the mathematical background for our model, present and analyze a model for kidney function in healthy patients, and then present our model for kidney function in patients with multiple myeloma. Finally, we discuss using the results of patient blood and urine tests as a way to improve our model's prediction potential. The long-term goal of the work in this thesis is to create a tool that physicians can use to more accurately predict the course of disease for multiple myeloma patients with kidney involvement.
| Author | : Joaquin Zabalo |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2010 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Multiple myeloma is a malignant bone marrow plasma cell tumor which is responsible for approximately 12,000 deaths per year in the United States and two percent of all cancer deaths. It is recognized clinically by the presence of more than ten percent bone marrow plasma cells, the detection of a monoclonal protein (M-protein), anemia, hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency, and lytic bone lesions. The disease is usually preceded by a premalignant tumor called monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), which is present in one percent of adults over the age of fifty, three percent over the age of seventy and ten percent of those in the tenth decade. MGUS is also recognized by the detection of M-protein, but with less than ten percent bone marrow plasma cells and without the other features exhibited by myeloma. The majority of MGUS patients remain stable for long periods without ever developing myeloma. Only a small percentage of patients with MGUS eventually develop multiple myeloma. However, the reason for this is not yet known. Once the myeloma stage is reached, a sequence of well-understood mutational evets eventually lead to the escape of the tumor from the control of the immune system. We propose a mathematical model of tumor-immune system interactions at the onset of the disease in an effort to better understand the early events that take place and their influence on the outcome of the disease. The model is calibrated with parameter values obtained from available data and we study the resulting dynamics. Next, we study how the behavior of the system is affected as parameters are varied. Finally, we interpret the results and draw some conclusions.
| Author | : Trisha L. Casey |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 204 |
| Release | : 2004 |
| Genre | : Biological control systems |
| ISBN | : |
Recent research has raised concern over the connection between hemoconcentration and post-operative renal dysfunction. Clinical studies often show conflicting conclusions as to the risk factors and causes of renal dysfunction. These inconsistent results are most likely because the causes are due to many variables. One possible explanation for the association between hemoconcentration and renal dysfunction is the difference in plasma protein concentration (PPC) and hematocrit (HM). It is hypothesized that these variations will adversely effect certain renal functions such as glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urine flow rate (UFR), and renal blood flow (RFB). A mathematical model was utilized from previous research and implemented into Simulink© software. The model contains five sub-systems: renal dynamics, protein and compartment volumes, blood pressure, electrolytes, and hormones. The model was validated by comparing results of a simulation using normal parameters to results from the original author's work. This model framework was then used to assess the diferences in GFR, URF, and RBF when PPC and HM were varied together and independently at time periods of 12, 24, and 36 hours post-operatively. It was concluded that the model was valid for the purposes of the project. Results are listed according to dependent variable. It was determined that all values in each set of simulations were within normal ranges of GFR. Therefore, changes in PPC and HM similar to those seen after hemoconcentration do not adversely affect GFR. UFR values tended to be lower than normal ranges during each set of simulations. Even though these values were lower, the results are most likely not clinically significant. Finally it was determined that RBF increased when PPC increased but decreased when HM increased. Therefore, there was little change in RBF when PPC and HM were varied together. This also suggests that RBF is not adversely affected when PPC and HM change in a manner similar to the changes occuring during hemoconcentration. Therefore, this research suggests that the changes in PPC and HM that ocur with hemoconcentration do not adversely affect GFR, UFR, and RBF up to 36 hours post-operatively.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 532 |
| Release | : 1978 |
| Genre | : Kidneys |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 828 |
| Release | : |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : William Drukker |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 962 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 9400967683 |
More than 50 years after Haas' first human dialysis, and second edition by incorporating chapters on its history 40 years after Kolfrs pioneering work, a book on the and on the practical aspects. present state of the art cannot be written by one person: The size of the book has almost doubled, partly by obviously it had to be a multi-authored volume. There using more illustrations. The inclusion of a number of fore some overlap between chapters and even a few con colour reproductions has been made possible by a sup troversies between authors became unavoidable. porting grant * of the National Kidney Foundation of we deliberately avoided editorial streamlin the Netherlands, which the editors gratefully acknow However ing of manuscripts, leaving the authors' personal style ledge. We considered asking several authors to shorten their and personal opinions unaltered as much as possible. We resisted this as it would have delayed the This may make the book more vivid to read and may chapters. sometimes stimulate readers to study a subject in greater publishing date and would possibly have removed much detail from the literature. Additionally, both British and material besides being a painful task for our collea American spellings have been kept because of the inter gues.
| Author | : Marion Espéli |
| Publisher | : Humana |
| Total Pages | : 340 |
| Release | : 2021-06-01 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9781071614242 |
This volume brings together classical and cutting-edge protocols on the spatio-temporal study of the cellular subsets constituting the bone and the marrow in both mouse and human. Chapters details methods on bone marrow (BM) ecosystem, to label, sort, analyse, and culture specific cell subsets as well as techniques allowing the evaluation of the function of some of the cellular elements of the BM. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Bone Marrow Environment: Methods and Protocols aims to help new investigators to pursue the characterization of the BM microenvironment in the coming years.
| Author | : Ami Radunskaya |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 207 |
| Release | : 2018-10-24 |
| Genre | : Mathematics |
| ISBN | : 3319980831 |
This volume examines a variety of biological and medical problems using mathematical models to understand complex system dynamics. Featured topics include autism spectrum disorder, ectoparasites and allogrooming, argasid ticks dynamics, super-fast nematocyst firing, cancer-immune population dynamics, and the spread of disease through populations. Applications are investigated with mathematical models using a variety of techniques in ordinary and partial differential equations, difference equations, Markov-chain models, Monte-Carlo simulations, network theory, image analysis, and immersed boundary method. Each article offers a thorough explanation of the methodologies used and numerous tables and color illustrations to explain key results. This volume is suitable for graduate students and researchers interested in current applications of mathematical models in the biosciences. The research featured in this volume began among newly-formed collaborative groups at the 2017 Women Advancing Mathematical Biology Workshop that took place at the Mathematical Biosciences Institute in Columbus, Ohio. The groups spent one intensive week working at MBI and continued their collaborations after the workshop, resulting in the work presented in this volume.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 742 |
| Release | : 1989 |
| Genre | : Medicine |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : David Dagan Feng |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 576 |
| Release | : 2006-09-19 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 0080479499 |
Modelling and Control in Biomedical Systems (including Biological Systems) was held in Reims, France, 20-22 August 2006. This Symposium was organised by the University of Reims Champagne Ardenne and the Société de l’Electricité, de l’Electronique et des TIC (SEE). The Symposium attracted practitioners in engineering, information technology, mathematics, medicine and biology, and other related disciplines, with authors from 24 countries. Besides the abstracts of the four plenary lectures, this volume contains the 92 papers that were presented by their authors at the Symposium. The papers included two invited keynote presentations given by internationally prominent and well-recognised research leaders: Claudio Cobelli, whose talk is titled "Dynamic modelling in diabetes: from whole body to genes"; and Irving J. Bigio, whose talk is titled "Elastic scattering spectroscopy for non-invasive detection of cancer". Two prestigious industrial speakers were also invited to give keynote presentations: Terry O'Brien from LIDCO, whose talk is titled "LIDCO: From the laboratory to protocolized goal directed therapy"; and Lorenzo Quinzio of Philips, whose talk is titled "Clinical decision support in monitoring and information systems". A valuable source of information on the state-of- the-art in Modelling and Control in Biomedical Systems Including abstracts of four plenary lectures, and 92 papers presented by their authors
