Research on positive reinforcement has established its utility in areas such as education and mental health organizations. However, this technique had not been used as frequently in the work organization as a method to increase performance. Luthans and Kreitner's organizational behavior modification model (1975) included the principles of positive reinforcement and served as a systematic means by which to increase performance behaviors. A meta-analysis conducted by Stajkovic and Luthans (1997) statistically demonstrated O.B. Mod.'s effectiveness by reviewing over twenty years of field research.