Wood Properties And Processing
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| Author | : Miha Humar |
| Publisher | : MDPI |
| Total Pages | : 350 |
| Release | : 2020-05-23 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 3039288210 |
Wood-based materials are CO2-neutral, renewable, and considered to be environmentally friendly. The huge variety of wood species and wood-based composites allows a wide scope of creative and esthetic alternatives to materials with higher environmental impacts during production, use and disposal. Quality of wood is influenced by the genetic and environmental factors. One of the emerging uses of wood are building and construction applications. Modern building and construction practices would not be possible without use of wood or wood-based composites. The use of composites enables using wood of lower quality for the production of materials with engineered properties for specific target applications. Even more, the utilization of such reinforcing particles as carbon nanotubes and nanocellulose enables development of a new generation of composites with even better properties. The positive aspect of decomposability of waste wood can turn into the opposite when wood or wood-based materials are exposed to weathering, moisture oscillations, different discolorations, and degrading organisms. Protective measures are therefore unavoidable for many outdoor applications. Resistance of wood against different aging factors is always a combined effect of toxic or inhibiting ingredients on the one hand, and of structural, anatomical, or chemical ways of excluding moisture on the other.
| Author | : John C.F. Walker |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 603 |
| Release | : 2006-09-13 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1402043937 |
This book is primarily a general text covering the whole sweep of the forest industries. The over-riding emphasis is on a clear, simple interpretation of the underlying science, demonstrating how such principles apply to processing operations. The book considers the broad question "what is wood?" by looking at the biology, chemistry and physics of wood structure. Wood quality is examined, and explanations are offered on how and why wood quality varies and the implications for processing. Finally, various "industrial processes" are reviewed and interpreted. All chapters have been written by specialists, but the presentation targets a generalist audience.
| Author | : Christoph Richter |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 227 |
| Release | : 2014-11-10 |
| Genre | : Nature |
| ISBN | : 3319074229 |
This book offers a broad range of options for technically adapting, handling and processing wood with specific wood characteristics. It starts by discussing wood anatomy and the general factors leading to the formation of wood characteristics. The individual characteristics are then categorized into four groups: 1. Wood characteristics inherent in a tree’s natural growth. 2. Biotically-induced wood characteristics. 3. Abiotically-induced wood characteristics. 4. Types and causes of cracks. New to this English edition is a comparison of wood characteristics found in trees from the boreal, temperate and tropical climate zones. The results show a clear relationship between the effects of sunshine duration, the vertical and horizontal angle of radiation, and crown coverage and the way wood characteristics form. The book addresses all those who work with wood professionally: foresters, gardeners and arborists who want to be able to observe a living tree and identify its internal features and the causes of its prominent wood characteristics. Based on the findings described in this book they can determine how to avoid certain undesirable characteristics, or alternatively how to promote favorable ones as the tree and stand grow. Botanists and dendrologists will learn how wood characteristics arise, and how they affect living trees and wood products. The needs of wood technologists seeking to prevent adverse wood characteristics from influencing wood processing, or to enhance favorable wood characteristics, are also addressed.
| Author | : Bruce J. Zobel |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 376 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 3642740693 |
Wood is the usual end product of a forestry operation. Because of its importance, numerous studies have been made relative to wood prop erties, the causes of wood variation, and how best to develop wood for desired products. There is voluminous literature related to these subjects, but it is neither well known nor appreciated by foresters because the publications are often not available or are not well understood by the forester or by those who use the wood. Frequently, the literature is confusing and contradictory, making it difficult for the nonspecialist to use what information is available. In order to produce and use wood efficiently, the variation pat terns within trees, among trees within species, and among species must be understood. This also requires some knowledge of the causes of variation and the effects of different wood properties upon utiliza tion. The information about variation patterns, their causes, and con trol and effect upon the product must be known by the tree grower, the tree breeder, and the tree harvester as well as by those who ultimately convert wood into a final, salable product.
| Author | : Jin Kuk Kim |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 185 |
| Release | : 2010-12-16 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 3642148778 |
Wood-plastic composite (WPC) is a non-recyclable composite material lumber or timber made of recycled plastic and wood wastes which has become one of the most dynamic sectors of the plastics industry in this decade. It is used in numerous applications, such as, outdoor deck floors, railings, fences, landscaping timbers, park benches, window and door frames. This book starts with a brief glimpse at the basic structures and properties of WPCs. Aspects such as surface treatment, machinery used and testing types of WPCs are also covered. The following chapters of the book give a view of foam technology, flame retardant properties and colour retardant properties of WPCs. The way morphology affects or controls the physical and mechanical behaviours of the finished materials is discussed. Finally, the authors give an overview of the applications of wood-plastic composites in daily life. The book may serve as a source book for scientists wishing to work in this field.
| Author | : H E Desch |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 324 |
| Release | : 1996-06-13 |
| Genre | : House & Home |
| ISBN | : |
For nearly 60 years, Timber: Structure, Properties, Conversion, and Use has been the authoritative text on timber technology. Now in its seventh edition, this book remains a vital resource, providing accurate, comprehensive, and fact-driven information for students and professionals in the field. From basic coverage of timber structure, properties, processing, and utilization, to more in-depth scientific investigations, this book covers all the issues and topics of concern to readers with a wide range of levels of sophistication. Timber technology has not stood still since the last revision; Timber: Structure, Properties, Conversion, and Use has kept the pace, exploring such high-tech topics as computer-aided wood identification and log conversion, radio frequency drying of wood, enhancement of wood with plastics, application of preservatives with high-pressure vacuum systems, and the development and application of flame-retardant solutions. Other timely updates include enlarging the chapter on mechanical performance to cover elastic behavior, toughness, and the use of structural-sized timber for strength tests. The chapter on board materials has also been extensively updated and enlarged to include information on new boards and structural composites that have emerged since the last edition. One of the most important strengths of Timber: Structure, Properties, Conversion, and Use is its versatility as a reference for timber professionals while remaining approachable to students in the field. Evidence of the book?s comprehensiveness and versatility becomes clear as it teaches readers about such wide-ranging topics as: identification and nomenclature of timbers variability in cellular features between species principal chemical constituents in timber structural variability caused by natural defects such as bark pockets, resin streaks, and brittleheart determination of density and moisture content in timber thermal and acoustic properties of wood conversion equipment such as circular saws, band saws, frame saws, and chipper canters health and safety issues in the industry adhesives, metal connectors, and joint design forest and millyard pests application of preservatives and finishes From basic identification and timber nomenclature to methods of sap displacement and tests of electrical conductivity, Timber: Structure, Properties, Conversion, and Use covers it all. And while it is no longer possible for any one individual to write authoritatively on every aspect of timber technology, embracing as it does structure, properties, conversion, utilization, and behavior in service, J. M. Dinwoodie has gathered expert opinions and expanded on original author H. E. Desch?s approach and vision to continue to provide the authoritative text on timber technology.
| Author | : Martin P Ansell |
| Publisher | : Woodhead Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 456 |
| Release | : 2015-07-24 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1782424776 |
Recent progress in enhancing and refining the performance and properties of wood composites by chemical and thermal modification and the application of smart multi-functional coatings have made them a particular area of interest for researchers. Wood Composites comprehensively reviews the whole field of wood composites, with particular focus on their materials, applications and engineering and scientific advances, including solutions inspired biomimetrically by the structure of wood and wood composites. Part One covers the materials used for wood composites and examines wood microstructure, and wood processing and adhesives for wood composites. Part Two explores the many applications of wood composites, for example plywood, fibreboard, chipboard, glulam, cross-laminated timber, I-beams and wood-polymer composites. The final part investigates advances in wood composites and looks at the preservation and modification of wood composites, environmental impacts and legislative obligations, nano-coatings and plasma treatment, biomimetic composite materials, the integration of wood composites with other materials and carbonized and mineralized wood composites. - Comprehensively reviews the entire field of wood composites in a single volume - Examines recent progress in enhancing and refining the performance and properties of wood composites by chemical and thermal modification and the application of smart multi-functional coatings - Explores the range of wood composites, including both new and traditional products
| Author | : Grigoriy I. Torgovnikov |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 208 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 3642774539 |
Provided here is a comprehensive treatise on all aspects of dielectric properties of wood and wood products. The topics covered include: Interaction between electromagnetic field and wood. - Wood composition and dielectric properties of its components. - Measurement of dielectric parameters of wood.- Dielectric properties of oven-dry wood. - Dielectric properties of moist wood. - Effect of different kinds of treatment on dielectric properties of wood. - Dielectric properties of bark. - Dielectric properties of wood-based materials. - Recommendations for determination of dielectric parameters of wood based materials and for their use in calculations. Several appendices comprise reference data onthe dielectric characteristics of wood and wood-based materials in the wide range of frequencies, temperatures, and moisture content.
| Author | : Julian Evans |
| Publisher | : Academic Press |
| Total Pages | : 5752 |
| Release | : 2004-04-02 |
| Genre | : Nature |
| ISBN | : 0080548016 |
A combination of broad disciplinary coverage and scientific excellence, the Encyclopedia of Forest Sciences will be an indispensable addition to the library of anyone interested in forests, forestry and forest sciences. Packed with valuable insights from experts all over the world, this remarkable set not only summarizes recent advances in forest science techniques, but also thoroughly covers the basic information vital to comprehensive understanding of the important elements of forestry. The Encyclopedia of Forest Sciences also covers relevant biology and ecology, different types of forestry (e.g. tropical forestry and dryland forestry), scientific names of trees and shrubs, and the applied, economic, and social aspects of forest management. Valuable key features further enhance the utility of this Encyclopedia as an exceptional reference tool. Also available online via ScienceDirect – featuring extensive browsing, searching, and internal cross-referencing between articles in the work, plus dynamic linking to journal articles and abstract databases, making navigation flexible and easy. For more information, pricing options and availability visit www.info.sciencedirect.com. Edited and written by a distinguished group of editors and contributors Well-organized encyclopedic format provides concise, readable entries, easy searches, and thorough cross-references Illustrative tables, figures, and photographs in every entry, produced in full color Comprehensive glossary defines new and important terms Complete, up-to-date coverage of over 60 areas of forest sciences - sure to be of interest to scientists, students, and professionals alike! Editor-in-Chief is the past president of the International Union of Forestry Research Organizations, the oldest international collaborative forestry research organization with over 15,000 scientists from 100 countries
| Author | : George Tsoumis |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 289 |
| Release | : 2013-10-22 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1483159523 |
Wood as Raw Material: Source, Structure, Chemical Composition, Growth, Degradation and Identification focuses on the scientific advancements in general forestry. This book discusses the value of wood as a raw material as looked upon from biological, botanical, and technical perspective. Organized into 12 chapters, this book starts with an overview of the importance of forest trees as sources of wood. This text then examines the chemical composition and ultrastructure of wood. Other chapters explain the biological mechanisms of wood and bark formation by forest trees. This book discusses as well the certain fundamental relationships between tree growth and wood structure. The final chapter deals with wood identification in North America and European forest tree species. This book is a valuable resource for students engaged in the study of forest management, wood science and technology, tree physiology, silviculture, forest soils, forest genetics, forest engineering, pulp and paper technology, forest and wood pathology, and other specialized areas. Foresters and technologists will also find this book useful.
