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| Author | : OECD |
| Publisher | : OECD Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 146 |
| Release | : 2019-04-04 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9264683356 |
The report proposes the development of innovative public policies based on the reinforcement of the social capital of women and policy approaches that promote better integration of the initiatives undertaken by governments, international and non-governmental organisations to empower women and strengthen their resilience.
| Author | : OECD |
| Publisher | : Org. for Economic Cooperation & Development |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2019 |
| Genre | : Businesswomen |
| ISBN | : 9789264595026 |
Women make a significant contribution to West Africa's food economy, perpetuating a long tradition of commerce and participating in cross-border trade and regional outreach. Their activities face numerous obstacles but also present important opportunities, highlighted in this report through an unprecedented relational and spatial analysis of social networks. The study focuses on the rice sector in the Dendi region (Benin, Niger and Nigeria) and on the regional governance networks that support women's entrepreneurship. It confirms that Nigeria occupies a privileged position due to its demographics and growing urbanisation. The report proposes the development of innovative public policies based on the reinforcement of the social capital of women and policy approaches that promote better integration of the initiatives undertaken by governments, international and non-governmental organisations to empower women and strengthen their resilience.
| Author | : Olivier Walther |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2018 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
This paper maps the distribution of activities and the movement of goods between producers, traders and wholesalers in Niger, Nigeria and Benin, three countries where women traders are important actors in markets and play a significant role in forging ties beyond borders. Using an innovative approach known as social network analysis, the paper identifies gender roles and sheds light on the nature of relationships between men and women. Gender along with age, race, and ethnicity Ő is indeed a powerful factor structuring social relationships on the continent, where male and women labor contribution to food systems are often gender-specific. The paper first verifies to what extent women and men tend to sell different types, volumes and qualities of products along food value chains. It then explain how gender inequalities are reproduced through social norms that limit women's choices and opportunities. Women's participation to markets, the paper shows, is significantly shaped by a gendered system of relationships, at the household and community level, that provide them access to information and agricultural resources.
| Author | : Kelly Ann Krawczyk |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 321 |
| Release | : 2023-02-28 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 9811981906 |
This book examines women’s participation in social, economic and political development in West Africa. The book looks at women from the premise of being active agents in the development processes within their communities, thereby subverting the dominate narrative of women as passive recipients of development.
| Author | : Olivier Walther |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2015 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
The objective of this paper is to show how a formal approach to networks can make a significant contribution to the study of cross-border trade in West Africa. Building on the formal tools and theories developed by Social Network Analysis, we examine the network organization of 136 large traders in two border regions between Niger, Nigeria, and Benin. In a business environment where transaction costs are extremely high, we find that decentralized networks are well adapted to the various uncertainties induced by long-distance trade. We also find that long-distance trade relies both on the trust and cooperation shared among local traders, and on the distant ties developed with foreign partners from a different origin, religion or culture. Studying the spatial structure of trade networks, we find that in those markets where trade is recent and where most of the traders are not native of the region, national borders are likely to exert a greater influence than in those regions where trade has pre-colonial roots. Combining formal network analysis and ethnographic studies, we argue, can make a significant contribution to the current revival of interest in cross-border trade in the policy field.
| Author | : Ismael Fofana |
| Publisher | : Intl Food Policy Res Inst |
| Total Pages | : 40 |
| Release | : 2019-12-05 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : |
The evidence on the impact of trade liberalization on gender inequalities is not fully established yet, nor is the impact of gender inequalities on trade policy outcomes. Sociocultural norms, legal barriers, and socioeconomic disadvantages are the main gender-based discrimination that affect the distribution of trade benefits between men and women. This study applied to Niger assesses the distributional effects of trade reforms between men and women and sheds light on the impact of gender-based barriers on the outcome of trade reforms. The Common External Tariff (CET) of the Economic Community of West African States has guided Niger’s trade policy since its implementation in 2015. Thus, the study essentially assesses the impact of the CET reform on gender inequalities in Niger. Focusing on employment levels and earnings, the study finds an increased gender gap under the CET implementation, although the custom union reform leads to positive outcomes for both men and women compared to the baseline. Moreover, gender inequalities result in misallocation of resources in the economy and lead to a loss in economic opportunity for Niger. Thus, closing the gender gap in access to productive resources is likely to generate positive outcomes for Niger.
| Author | : World Bank;World Trade Organization |
| Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
| Total Pages | : 270 |
| Release | : 2020-09-04 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1464815569 |
Trade can dramatically improve women’s lives, creating new jobs, enhancing consumer choices, and increasing women’s bargaining power in society. It can also lead to job losses and a concentration of work in low-skilled employment. Given the complexity and specificity of the relationship between trade and gender, it is essential to assess the potential impact of trade policy on both women and men and to develop appropriate, evidence-based policies to ensure that trade helps to enhance opportunities for all. Research on gender equality and trade has been constrained by limited data and a lack of understanding of the connections among the economic roles that women play as workers, consumers, and decision makers. Building on new analyses and new sex-disaggregated data, Women and Trade: The Role of Trade in Promoting Gender Equality aims to advance the understanding of the relationship between trade and gender equality and to identify a series of opportunities through which trade can improve the lives of women.
