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| Author | : Paul Cairney |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 303 |
| Release | : 2020 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 0198793294 |
This book explains a major gap between the stated aims of governments and the actual outcomes. Based on systematic theoretical and empirical analysis, the book helps us understand the puzzle enough to warn against repeating many mistakes of the past.
| Author | : Paul Cairney |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
| Total Pages | : 303 |
| Release | : 2020-01-16 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 0192511777 |
If 'prevention is better than cure', why isn't policy more preventive? Policymakers only have the ability to pay attention to, and influence, a tiny proportion of their responsibilities, and they engage in a policymaking environment of which they have limited understanding and even less control. This simple insight helps explain the gap between stated policymaker expectations and actual policy outcomes. Why Isn't Government Policy more Preventive? uses these insights to produce new empirical studies of 'wicked' problems with practical lessons. The authors find that the UK and Scottish governments both use a simple idiom - prevention is better than cure - to sell a package of profound changes to policy and policymaking. Taken at face value, this focus on 'prevention' policy seems like an idea 'whose time has come'. Yet, 'prevention' is too ambiguous until governments give it meaning. No government has found a way to turn this vague aim into a set of detailed, consistent, and defendable policies. This book examines what happens when governments make commitments without knowing how to deliver them. It compares their policymaking contexts, roles and responsibilities, policy styles, language, commitments, and outcomes in several cross-cutting policy areas (including health, families, justice, and employability) to make sense of their experiences. The book uses multiple insights from policy theory to help research and analyse the results. The results help policymakers reflect on how to avoid a cycle of optimism and despair when trying to solve problems that their predecessors did not.
| Author | : Paul Cairney |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 171 |
| Release | : 2021-02-10 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 3030661229 |
This book focuses on two key ways to improve the literature surrounding policy analysis. Firstly, it explores the implications of new developments in policy process research, on the role of psychology in communication and the multi-centric nature of policymaking. This is particularly important since policy analysts engage with policymakers who operate in an environment over which they have limited understanding and even less control. Secondly, it incorporates insights from studies of power, co-production, feminism, and decolonisation, to redraw the boundaries of policy-relevant knowledge. These insights help raise new questions and change expectations about the role and impact of policy analysis.
| Author | : Halley S. Faust |
| Publisher | : OUP USA |
| Total Pages | : 414 |
| Release | : 2012 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0199837376 |
Is prevention better than cure, or treatment more important because people need rescue? In this volume the prevention-treatment relationship is examined factually by economists and scholars of health policy and evidence-based medicine.
| Author | : Rik Peeters |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2013 |
| Genre | : Crime prevention |
| ISBN | : 9789490947989 |
Prevention is better than cure. This adage has become an important guideline for governments in recent years. Prevention of terrorist attacks, of recidivism among habitual offenders, of dropouts among problem adolescents, or of obesity among children: the existing repertoires of the constitutional state and the welfare state are complemented by a preventive intervention repertoire in a broad range of policy domains. But what does this transformation imply for our understanding of the state in late-modern society? This study reconstructs the emergence of 'the preventive gaze' in politics and policymaking, and discusses its consequences for the relation between state and society. Prevention seems to be a logical answer in the face of contemporary social issues such as security, education, welfare, and public health. However, prevention also has an expansive logic and pushes the state towards an ever more detailed, comprehensive, and timely approach to risks. As a consequence, the emergence of the 'prevention state' tends towards a slow and silent politicization of society and usurpation of the state-free domain.
| Author | : Charles R. Shipan |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 147 |
| Release | : 2021-09-23 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 110896284X |
Building on a deep theoretical foundation and drawing on numerous examples, we examine how policies spread across the American states. We argue that for good policies to spread while bad policies are pushed aside, states must learn from one another. The three ingredients for this positive outcome are observable experiments, time to learn, and favorable incentives and expertise among policymakers. Although these ingredients are sometimes plentiful, we also note causes for concern, such as when policies are complex or incompatible with current practices, when policymakers give in to underlying political biases, or when political institutions lack the capacity for cultivating expertise. Under such conditions, states may rely on competition, imitation, and coercion, rather than learning, which can allow bad policies, rather than good ones, to spread. We conclude with lessons for reformers and policymakers and an assessment of our overall argument based on state responses to the COVID-19 pandemic.
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 431 |
| Release | : 2015-01-27 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0309309980 |
Young adulthood - ages approximately 18 to 26 - is a critical period of development with long-lasting implications for a person's economic security, health and well-being. Young adults are key contributors to the nation's workforce and military services and, since many are parents, to the healthy development of the next generation. Although 'millennials' have received attention in the popular media in recent years, young adults are too rarely treated as a distinct population in policy, programs, and research. Instead, they are often grouped with adolescents or, more often, with all adults. Currently, the nation is experiencing economic restructuring, widening inequality, a rapidly rising ratio of older adults, and an increasingly diverse population. The possible transformative effects of these features make focus on young adults especially important. A systematic approach to understanding and responding to the unique circumstances and needs of today's young adults can help to pave the way to a more productive and equitable tomorrow for young adults in particular and our society at large. Investing in The Health and Well-Being of Young Adults describes what is meant by the term young adulthood, who young adults are, what they are doing, and what they need. This study recommends actions that nonprofit programs and federal, state, and local agencies can take to help young adults make a successful transition from adolescence to adulthood. According to this report, young adults should be considered as a separate group from adolescents and older adults. Investing in The Health and Well-Being of Young Adults makes the case that increased efforts to improve high school and college graduate rates and education and workforce development systems that are more closely tied to high-demand economic sectors will help this age group achieve greater opportunity and success. The report also discusses the health status of young adults and makes recommendations to develop evidence-based practices for young adults for medical and behavioral health, including preventions. What happens during the young adult years has profound implications for the rest of the life course, and the stability and progress of society at large depends on how any cohort of young adults fares as a whole. Investing in The Health and Well-Being of Young Adults will provide a roadmap to improving outcomes for this age group as they transition from adolescence to adulthood.
| Author | : Paul Cairney |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 149 |
| Release | : 2019-02-07 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 1108645577 |
This provocative Element is on the 'state of the art' of theories that highlight policymaking complexity. It explains complexity in a way that is simple enough to understand and use. The primary audience is policy scholars seeking a single authoritative guide to studies of 'multi-centric policymaking'. It synthesises this literature to build a research agenda on the following questions: 1. How can we best explain the ways in which many policymaking 'centres' interact to produce policy? 2. How should we research multi-centric policymaking? 3. How can we hold policymakers to account in a multi-centric system? 4. How can people engage effectively to influence policy in a multi-centric system? However, by focusing on simple exposition and limiting jargon, Paul Cairney, Tanya Heikkila, Matthew Wood also speak to a far wider audience of practitioners, students, and new researchers seeking a straightforward introduction to policy theory and its practical lessons.
| Author | : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 362 |
| Release | : 2016-09-14 |
| Genre | : Law |
| ISBN | : 030944070X |
Bullying has long been tolerated as a rite of passage among children and adolescents. There is an implication that individuals who are bullied must have "asked for" this type of treatment, or deserved it. Sometimes, even the child who is bullied begins to internalize this idea. For many years, there has been a general acceptance and collective shrug when it comes to a child or adolescent with greater social capital or power pushing around a child perceived as subordinate. But bullying is not developmentally appropriate; it should not be considered a normal part of the typical social grouping that occurs throughout a child's life. Although bullying behavior endures through generations, the milieu is changing. Historically, bulling has occurred at school, the physical setting in which most of childhood is centered and the primary source for peer group formation. In recent years, however, the physical setting is not the only place bullying is occurring. Technology allows for an entirely new type of digital electronic aggression, cyberbullying, which takes place through chat rooms, instant messaging, social media, and other forms of digital electronic communication. Composition of peer groups, shifting demographics, changing societal norms, and modern technology are contextual factors that must be considered to understand and effectively react to bullying in the United States. Youth are embedded in multiple contexts and each of these contexts interacts with individual characteristics of youth in ways that either exacerbate or attenuate the association between these individual characteristics and bullying perpetration or victimization. Recognizing that bullying behavior is a major public health problem that demands the concerted and coordinated time and attention of parents, educators and school administrators, health care providers, policy makers, families, and others concerned with the care of children, this report evaluates the state of the science on biological and psychosocial consequences of peer victimization and the risk and protective factors that either increase or decrease peer victimization behavior and consequences.
| Author | : Larry Cohen |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 397 |
| Release | : 2010-08-20 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0470873361 |
The new edition of Prevention Is Primary provides models, methods, and approaches for building health and equity in communities. This comprehensive book includes the theory, concepts, and models needed to harness social justice and practice primary prevention of unnecessary illness and injury. Ideal for students as well as practitioners, this thoroughly revised and updated second edition combines an overview of advances in the field with effective approaches in the current economic and health care climate. With contributions from noted experts, Prevention Is Primary shows practical applications of intervention science to social and health problems and issues facing at-risk and vulnerable groups. The book describes the overarching framework and principles guiding prevention efforts, including a focus on social justice and health equity, and community resilience. It explores the transition from prevention theory to implementation and practice and from interdisciplinary collaboration to evaluation. Highlighting the book's usefulness as a teaching and learning tool, Prevention Is Primary has real world examples, learning objectives, and review questions for each chapter.
