Definition of Lycanthropy--Marcellus Sidetes--Virgil--Herodotus--Ovid--Pliny--Agriopas--Storyfrom Petronius--Arcadian Legends--Explanation offered.WHAT is Lycanthropy? The change of manor woman into the form of a wolf, either throughmagical means, so as to enable him or her to gratify the taste for human flesh, or through judgmentof the gods in punishment for some great offence.This is the popular definition. Truly it consists in a form of madness, such as may be found in mostasylums.Among the ancients this kind of insanity went by the names of Lycanthropy, Kuanthropy, orBoanthropy, because those afflicted with it believed themselves to be turned into wolves, dogs, orcows. But in the North of Europe, as we shall see, the shape of a bear, and inAfrica that of a hyæna, were often selected in preference. A mere matter of taste! According toMarcellus Sidetes, of whose poem {Greek perì lukanðrw'pou} a fragment exists, men are attacked withthis madness chiefly in the beginning of the year, and become most furious in February; retiring forthe night to lone cemeteries, and living precisely in the manner of dogs and wolves.Virgil writes in his eighth Eclogue: --Has herbas, atque hæc Ponto mihi lecta venenaIpse dedit Moeris; nascuntur plurima Ponto.His ego sæpe lupum fieri et se conducere sylvisMoerim, sæpe animas imis excire sepulchris, Atque satas alio, vidi traducere messes.And Herodotus: --"It seems that the Neuri are sorcerers, if one is to believe the Scythians and theGreeks established in Scythia; for each Neurian changes himself, once in the year, into the form of awolf, and he continues in that form for several days, after which he resumes his former shape."--(Lib. iv. c. 105.)See also Pomponius Mela (lib. ii. c. 1) "There is a fixed time for each Neurian, at which they change, if they like, into wolves, and back again into their former condition."