Water Quality Modeling Of Surface Waters Using Artificial Neural Networks
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| Author | : James L. Martin |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 820 |
| Release | : 2018-05-04 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1351439871 |
Hydrodynamics and Transport for Water Quality Modeling presents a complete overview of current methods used to describe or predict transport in aquatic systems, with special emphasis on water quality modeling. The book features detailed descriptions of each method, supported by sample applications and case studies drawn from the authors' years of experience in the field. Each chapter examines a variety of modeling approaches, from simple to complex. This unique text/reference offers a wealth of information previously unavailable from a single source. The book begins with an overview of basic principles, and an introduction to the measurement and analysis of flow. The following section focuses on rivers and streams, including model complexity and data requirements, methods for estimating mixing, hydrologic routing methods, and unsteady flow modeling. The third section considers lakes and reservoirs, and discusses stratification and temperature modeling, mixing methods, reservoir routing and water balances, and dynamic modeling using one-, two-, and three-dimensional models. The book concludes with a section on estuaries, containing topics such as origins and classification, tides, mixing methods, tidally averaged estuary models, and dynamic modeling. Over 250 figures support the text. This is a valuable guide for students and practicing modelers who do not have extensive backgrounds in fluid dynamics.
| Author | : R. Manivanan |
| Publisher | : New India Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 332 |
| Release | : 2008 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 9788189422936 |
Water Is An Important Element For Life On The Earth. It Is An Essential Natural Resource For Environmental Sustenance. In India, Water Quality Modeling Studies Are Carried Out From Fresh Water To Marine Water Ecosystems. Some Of Examples Are Tehri Reservoir, Chilka Lake, Dal Lake At Kashmir, Kodaikanal Lake, Ooty Lake At Tamil Nadu, Rivers Like Ganges, Narmada, Kaveri, And Coastal Regions Like Hoogly Estuary, Paradip, Vishakapatnam, Kakinada, Chennai, , Tutucorin, Mangalore Coast, Kongan Coast And Gujarat Coast.
| Author | : Brian Kronvang |
| Publisher | : MDPI |
| Total Pages | : 248 |
| Release | : 2020-11-18 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3039435035 |
This collection of 11 papers introduces broad topics covering various professional disciplines related to the research arena of land use and water quality. The papers exemplify the important links between agriculture and water quality in surface and ground waters as well as the pollution problems around urban areas. Advancement of new technologies for analyzing links between land use and water quality problems as well as insights into new tools for analyzing large monitoring datasets are highlighted in this collection of papers.
| Author | : P. Reichert |
| Publisher | : IWA Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 150 |
| Release | : 2001-08-31 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9781900222822 |
This Scientific and Technical Report (STR) presents the findings of the IWA Task Group on River Water Quality Modelling (RWQM). The task group was formed to create a scientific and technical base from which to formulate standardized, consistent river water quality models and guidelines for their implementation. This STR presents the first outcome in this effort: River Water Quality Model No. 1 (RWQM1). As background to the development of River Water Quality Model No.1, the Task Group completed a critical evaluation of the current state of the practice in water quality modelling. A major limitation in model formulation is the continued reliance on BOD as the primary state variable, despite the fact BOD does not include all biodegradable matter. A related difficulty is the poor representation of benthic flux terms. As a result of these limitations, it is impossible to close mass balances completely in most existing models. These various limitations in current river water quality models impair their predictive ability in situations of marked changes in a river's pollutant load, streamflow, morphometry, or other basic characteristics. RWQM 1 is intended to serve as a framework for river water quality models that overcome these deficiencies in traditional water quality models and most particularly the failure to close mass balances between the water column and sediment. To these ends, the model incorporates fundamental water quality components and processes to characterise carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus (C, O, N, and P) cycling instead of biochemical oxygen demand as used in traditional models. The model is presented in terms of process and components represented via a 'Petersen stoichiometry matrix', the same approach used for the IWA Activated Sludge Models. The full RWQM1 includes 24 components and 30 processes. The report provides detailed examples on reducing the numbers of components and processes to fit specific water quality problems. Thus, the model provides a framework for both complicated and simplified models. Detailed explanations of the model components, process equations, stoichiometric parameters, and kinetic parameters are provided, as are example parameter values and two case studies. The STR is intended to launch a participatory process of model development, application, and refinement. RWQM1 provides a framework for this process, but the goal of the Task Group is to involve water quality professionals worldwide in the continued work developing a new water quality modelling approach. This text will be an invaluable reference for researchers and graduate students specializing in water resources, hydrology, water quality, or environmental modelling in departments of environmental engineering, natural resources, civil engineering, chemical engineering, environmental sciences, and ecology. Water resources engineers, water quality engineers and technical specialists in environmental consultancy, government agencies or regulated industries will also value this critical assessment of the state of practice in water quality modelling. Key Features presents a unique new technical approach to river water quality modelling provides a detailed technical presentation of the RWQM1 water quality process model gives an informative critical evaluation of the state of the practice in water quality modelling, and problems with those practices provides a step by step procedure to develop a water quality model Scientific & Technical Report No. 12
| Author | : M.B. Beck |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 382 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 3642820549 |
Since the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis began its study of water quality modeling and management in 1977, it has been interested in the relations between uncertainty and the problems of model calibration and prediction. The work has focused on the theme of modeling poorly defined environmental systems, a principal topic of the effort devoted to environmental quality control and management. Accounting for the effects of uncertainty was also of central concern to our two case studies of lake eutrophication management, one dealing with Lake Balaton in Hungary and the other with several Austrian lake systems. Thus, in November 1979 we held a meeting at Laxenburg to discuss recent method ological developments in addressing problems associated with uncertainty and forecasting of water quality. This book is based on the proceedings of that meeting. The last few years have seen an increase in awareness of the issue of uncertainty in water quality and ecological modeling. This book is relevant not only to contemporary issues but also to those of the future. A lack of field data will not always be the dominant problem for water quality modeling and management; more sophisticated measuring techniques and more comprehensive monitoring networks will come to be more widely applied. Rather, the important problems of the future are much more likely to emerge from the enhanced facility of data processing and to concern the meaningful interpretation, assimilation., and use of the information thus obtained.
| Author | : Tabassum Abbasi |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 375 |
| Release | : 2012-03-10 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 0444543058 |
This book covers water quality indices (WQI) in depth – it describes what purpose they serve, how they are generated, what are their strengths and weaknesses, and how to make the best use of them. It is a concise and unique guide to WQIs for chemists, chemical/environmental engineers and government officials. Whereas it is easy to express the quantity of water, it is very difficult to express its quality because a large number of variables determine the water quality. WQIs seek to resolve the difficulty by translating a set of a large number of variables to a one-digit or a two-digit numeral. They are essential in communicating the status of different water resources in terms of water quality and the impact of various factors on it to policy makers, service personnel, and the lay public. Further they are exceedingly useful in the monitoring and management of water quality. With the importance of water and water quality increasing exponentially, the importance of this topic is also set to increase enormously because only with the use of indices is it possible to assess, express, communicate, and monitor the overall quality of any water source. - Provides a concise guide to WQIs: their purpose and generation - Compares existing methods and WQIs and outlines strengths and weaknesses - Makes recommendations on how the indices should be used and under what circumstances they apply
| Author | : R.S. Govindaraju |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 338 |
| Release | : 2013-03-09 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9401593418 |
R. S. GOVINDARAJU and ARAMACHANDRA RAO School of Civil Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette, IN. , USA Background and Motivation The basic notion of artificial neural networks (ANNs), as we understand them today, was perhaps first formalized by McCulloch and Pitts (1943) in their model of an artificial neuron. Research in this field remained somewhat dormant in the early years, perhaps because of the limited capabilities of this method and because there was no clear indication of its potential uses. However, interest in this area picked up momentum in a dramatic fashion with the works of Hopfield (1982) and Rumelhart et al. (1986). Not only did these studies place artificial neural networks on a firmer mathematical footing, but also opened the dOOf to a host of potential applications for this computational tool. Consequently, neural network computing has progressed rapidly along all fronts: theoretical development of different learning algorithms, computing capabilities, and applications to diverse areas from neurophysiology to the stock market. . Initial studies on artificial neural networks were prompted by adesire to have computers mimic human learning. As a result, the jargon associated with the technical literature on this subject is replete with expressions such as excitation and inhibition of neurons, strength of synaptic connections, learning rates, training, and network experience. ANNs have also been referred to as neurocomputers by people who want to preserve this analogy.
| Author | : Alaa El Din Mahmoud |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 311 |
| Release | : 2023-04-25 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 100082974X |
Artificial intelligence and the use of computational methods to extract information from data are providing adequate tools to monitor and predict water pollutants and water quality issues faster and more accurately. Smart sensors and machine learning models help detect and monitor dispersion and leakage of pollutants before they reach groundwater. With contributions from experts in academia and industries, who give a unified treatment of AI methods and their applications in water science, this book help governments, industries, and homeowners not only address water pollution problems more quickly and efficiently, but also gain better insight into the implementation of more effective remedial measures. FEATURES Provides cutting-edge AI applications in water sector. Highlights the environmental models used by experts in different countries. Discusses various types of models using AI and its tools for achieving sustainable development in water and groundwater. Includes case studies and recent research directions for environmental issues in water sector. Addresses future aspects and innovation in AI field related to watersustainability. This book will appeal to scientists, researchers, and undergraduate and graduate students majoring in environmental or computer science and industry professionals in water science and engineering, environmental management, and governmental sectors. It showcases artificial intelligence applications in detecting environmental issues, with an emphasis on the mitigation and conservation of water and underground resources.
| Author | : Nikola K. Kasabov |
| Publisher | : Marcel Alencar |
| Total Pages | : 581 |
| Release | : 1996 |
| Genre | : Artificial intelligence |
| ISBN | : 0262112124 |
Combines the study of neural networks and fuzzy systems with symbolic artificial intelligence (AI) methods to build comprehensive AI systems. Describes major AI problems (pattern recognition, speech recognition, prediction, decision-making, game-playing) and provides illustrative examples. Includes applications in engineering, business and finance.
| Author | : Martin Wagner |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 309 |
| Release | : 2017-11-21 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3319616153 |
This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This volume focuses on microscopic plastic debris, also referred to as microplastics, which have been detected in aquatic environments around the globe and have accordingly raised serious concerns. The book explores whether microplastics represent emerging contaminants in freshwater systems, an area that remains underrepresented to date. Given the complexity of the issue, the book covers the current state-of-research on microplastics in rivers and lakes, including analytical aspects, environmental concentrations and sources, modelling approaches, interactions with biota, and ecological implications. To provide a broader perspective, the book also discusses lessons learned from nanomaterials and the implications of plastic debris for regulation, politics, economy, and society. In a research field that is rapidly evolving, it offers a solid overview for environmental chemists, engineers, and toxicologists, as well as water managers and policy-makers.
