Rose's Strategy of Preventive Medicine

Rose's Strategy of Preventive Medicine
Author: Geoffrey Arthur Rose
Publisher:
Total Pages: 190
Release: 2008
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0192630970

The Strategy of Preventive Medicine by Geoffrey Rose, first published in 1993, remains a key text for anyone involved in preventive medicine. Rose's insights into the inextricable relationship between ill health, or deviance, in individuals and populations they come from, have transformed our whole approach to strategies for improving health. His personal and unique book, based on many years research, sets out the case that the essential determinants of the health of society are to be found in its mass characteristics. The deviant minority can only be understood when seen in its societal context, and effective prevention requires changes which involve the population as a whole. He explores the options for prevention, considering them from various viewpoints - theoretical and scientific, sociological and political, practical and ethical. The applications of his ideas are illustrated by a variety of examples ranging from heart disease to alcoholism to road accidents. His pioneering work focused on a population wide approach to the prevention of common medical and behavioral disorders has become the classic text on the subject. This reissue brings the original text to a new generation involved in preventive medicine. Kay-Tee Khaw and Michael Marmot retain the original text intact, but have added their own perspective on the work. They examine what relevance Rose's ideas might have in the era of the human genome project and other major scientific advances, they consider examples of how the theory might be applied and generalised in medicine and beyond, and discuss what implications it holds for the future. There is also an explanation of the population perspective, clarifying the often confused thinking and arguments about determinants of individual cases and determinants of population incidence. Rose's Strategy of Preventive Medicine will ensure that this seminal work continues to be read by future generations.

Does the Built Environment Influence Physical Activity?

Does the Built Environment Influence Physical Activity?
Author: Transportation Research Board
Publisher: Transportation Research Board
Total Pages: 269
Release: 2005-01-11
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0309094984

TRB Special Report 282: Does the Built Environment Influence Physical Activity? Examining the Evidence reviews the broad trends affecting the relationships among physical activity, health, transportation, and land use; summarizes what is known about these relationships, including the strength and magnitude of any causal connections; examines implications for policy; and recommends priorities for future research.

Global Action Plan on Physical Activity 2018-2030

Global Action Plan on Physical Activity 2018-2030
Author: World Health Organization
Publisher: World Health Organization
Total Pages: 104
Release: 2019-01-21
Genre: Health & Fitness
ISBN: 9241514183

Regular physical activity is proven to help prevent and treat noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as heart disease stroke diabetes and breast and colon cancer. It also helps to prevent hypertension overweight and obesity and can improve mental health quality of life and well-being. In addition to the multiple health benefits of physical activity societies that are more active can generate additional returns on investment including a reduced use of fossil fuels cleaner air and less congested safer roads. These outcomes are interconnected with achieving the shared goals political priorities and ambition of the Sustainable Development Agenda 2030. The new WHO global action plan to promote physical activity responds to the requests by countries for updated guidance and a framework of effective and feasible policy actions to increase physical activity at all levels. It also responds to requests for global leadership and stronger regional and national coordination and the need for a whole-of-society response to achieve a paradigm shift in both supporting and valuing all people being regularly active according to ability and across the life course. The action plan was developed through a worldwide consultation process involving governments and key stakeholders across multiple sectors including health sports transport urban design civil society academia and the private sector.

Statistical Matching

Statistical Matching
Author: Marcello D'Orazio
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 268
Release: 2006-03-30
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 0470023546

There is more statistical data produced in today’s modern society than ever before. This data is analysed and cross-referenced for innumerable reasons. However, many data sets have no shared element and are harder to combine and therefore obtain any meaningful inference from. Statistical matching allows just that; it is the art of combining information from different sources (particularly sample surveys) that contain no common unit. In response to modern influxes of data, it is an area of rapidly growing interest and complexity. Statistical Matching: Theory and Practice introduces the basics of statistical matching, before going on to offer a detailed, up-to-date overview of the methods used and an examination of their practical applications. Presents a unified framework for both theoretical and practical aspects of statistical matching. Provides a detailed description covering all the steps needed to perform statistical matching. Contains a critical overview of the available statistical matching methods. Discusses all the major issues in detail, such as the Conditional Independence Assumption and the assessment of uncertainty. Includes numerous examples and applications, enabling the reader to apply the methods in their own work. Features an appendix detailing algorithms written in the R language. Statistical Matching: Theory and Practice presents a comprehensive exploration of an increasingly important area. Ideal for researchers in national statistics institutes and applied statisticians, it will also prove to be an invaluable text for scientists and researchers from all disciplines engaged in the multivariate analysis of data collected from different sources.

Children's Active Transportation

Children's Active Transportation
Author: Richard Larouche
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 308
Release: 2018-06-15
Genre: Transportation
ISBN: 0128119322

Children's Active Transportation is a rigorous and comprehensive examination of the current research and interventions on active transportation for children and youth. As the travel behaviors of these groups tend to be highly routinized, and their mobility faces unique constraints, such as parental restrictions, mandatory school attendance, and the inability to drive a motor vehicle before late adolescence, this book examines the key factors that influence travel behavior among children and youth, providing key insights into lessons learned from current interventions. Readers will find a resource that clearly demonstrates how critical it is for children to develop strong, active transportation habits that carry into adulthood. - Discusses the correlates that exist between children's active transportation using a social and ecological model - Summarizes active transportation interventions that show what works to increase non-motorized modes of travel in children - Describes the factors that influence the implementation and effectiveness of interventions

The Miracle Pill

The Miracle Pill
Author: Peter Walker
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
Total Pages: 195
Release: 2021-01-21
Genre: Self-Help
ISBN: 1471192547

'This book is pretty life-changing – encouraging, optimistic, rich with information. It got me off the sofa.' Jeremy Vine 'This is such a lovely, ambitious, fascinating book. Essential lockdown reading. It allows us to reimagine our world and our bodies: we can move more.' Dr Xand van Tulleken, TV presenter 'Truly uplifting' Chris Boardman What is the 'miracle pill', the simple lifestyle change with such enormous health benefits that, if it was turned into a drug, would be the most valuable drug in the world? The answer is movement and the good news is that it's free, easy and available to everyone. Four in ten British adults, and 80% of children, are so sedentary they don’t meet even the minimum recommended levels for movement. What’s going on? The answer is simple: activity became exercise. What for centuries was universal and everyday has become the fetishised pursuit of a minority, whether the superhuman feats of elite athletes, or a chore slotted into busy schedules. Yes, most people know physical activity is good for us. And yet 1.5 billion people around the world are so inactive they are at greater risk of everything from heart disease to diabetes, cancer, arthritis and depression, even dementia. Sedentary living now kills more people than obesity, despite receiving much less attention, and is causing a pandemic of chronic ill health many experts predict could soon bankrupt the NHS. How did we get here? Daily, constant exertion was an integral part of humanity for millennia, but in just a few decades movement was virtually designed out of people’s lives through transformed workplaces, the dominance of the car, and a built environment which encourages people to be static. In a world now also infiltrated by ubiquitous screens, app-summoned taxis and shopping delivered to your door, it can be shocking to realise exactly how sedentary many of us are. A recent study found almost half of middle-aged English people don’t walk continuously for ten minutes or more in an average month. At current trends, scientists forecast, the average US adult will expend little more energy in an average week than someone who spent all their time in bed. This book is a chronicle of this very modern and largely unexplored catastrophe, and the story of the people trying to turn it around. Through interviews with experts in various fields - doctors, scientists, architects and politicians - Peter Walker explores how to bring more movement into the modern world and, most importantly, into your life. Forget the gym, introducing quick and easy lifestyle changes can slow down the ageing process and even reverse many illnesses and increase mental wellbeing.

U.S. Health in International Perspective

U.S. Health in International Perspective
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 421
Release: 2013-04-12
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 0309264146

The United States is among the wealthiest nations in the world, but it is far from the healthiest. Although life expectancy and survival rates in the United States have improved dramatically over the past century, Americans live shorter lives and experience more injuries and illnesses than people in other high-income countries. The U.S. health disadvantage cannot be attributed solely to the adverse health status of racial or ethnic minorities or poor people: even highly advantaged Americans are in worse health than their counterparts in other, "peer" countries. In light of the new and growing evidence about the U.S. health disadvantage, the National Institutes of Health asked the National Research Council (NRC) and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to convene a panel of experts to study the issue. The Panel on Understanding Cross-National Health Differences Among High-Income Countries examined whether the U.S. health disadvantage exists across the life span, considered potential explanations, and assessed the larger implications of the findings. U.S. Health in International Perspective presents detailed evidence on the issue, explores the possible explanations for the shorter and less healthy lives of Americans than those of people in comparable countries, and recommends actions by both government and nongovernment agencies and organizations to address the U.S. health disadvantage.

Causal Analysis with Panel Data

Causal Analysis with Panel Data
Author: Steven E. Finkel
Publisher: SAGE
Total Pages: 108
Release: 1995-01-17
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9780803938960

Panel data, which consist of information gathered from the same individuals or units at several different points in time, are commonly used in the social sciences to test theories of individual and social change. This book provides an overview of models that are appropriate for the analysis of panel data, focusing specifically on the area where panels offer major advantages over cross-sectional research designs: the analysis of causal interrelationships among variables. Without "painting" panel data as a cure all for the problems of causal inference in nonexperimental research, the author shows how panel data offer multiple ways of strengthening the causal inference process. In addition, he shows how to estimate models that contain a variety of lag specifications, reciprocal effects, and imperfectly measured variables. Appropriate for readers who are familiar with multiple regression analysis and causal modeling, this book will offer readers the highlights of developments in this technique from diverse disciplines to analytic traditions.