Sourcing Practices in the Apparel Industry

Sourcing Practices in the Apparel Industry
Author: Marlon Lezama
Publisher: Commonwealth Secretariat
Total Pages: 220
Release: 2004
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9780850928099

Sourcing practices in the global apparel industry are changing because of the removal of quotas, new trade agreements, and a drive by apparel importers to lower costs. This study addresses the implications of these changes for garment manufacturers in Commonwealth developing countries. The principal research activities behind the book consisted of face-to-face interviews in North America with top sourcing executives of apparel importing companies and senior executives of apparel manufacturing companies and other stakeholders in six Commonwealth developing countries. The findings indicate that almost without exception apparel manufacturers are struggling to lower costs and to increase productivity so as to remain competitive. Government and industry are thus faced with critical decisions on how best to support the apparel industry in their respective countries. The principal outputs of the study are enterprise level guidelines to remain competitive in the face of evolving sourcing policies, technology, and practices, complemented by related frameworks at government and institutional levels.

Monitoring Sweatshops

Monitoring Sweatshops
Author: Jill Esbenshade
Publisher: Temple University Press
Total Pages: 292
Release: 2009
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9781439900642

The first full-scale overview of sweatshop monitoring.

Challenges to Globalization

Challenges to Globalization
Author: Robert E. Baldwin
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Total Pages: 559
Release: 2004-04-16
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0226036154

People passionately disagree about the nature of the globalization process. The failure of both the 1999 and 2003 World Trade Organization's (WTO) ministerial conferences in Seattle and Cancun, respectively, have highlighted the tensions among official, international organizations like the WTO, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank, nongovernmental and private sector organizations, and some developing country governments. These tensions are commonly attributed to longstanding disagreements over such issues as labor rights, environmental standards, and tariff-cutting rules. In addition, developing countries are increasingly resentful of the burdens of adjustment placed on them that they argue are not matched by commensurate commitments from developed countries. Challenges to Globalization evaluates the arguments of pro-globalists and anti-globalists regarding issues such as globalization's relationship to democracy, its impact on the environment and on labor markets including the brain drain, sweat shop labor, wage levels, and changes in production processes, and the associated expansion of trade and its effects on prices. Baldwin, Winters, and the contributors to this volume look at multinational firms, foreign investment, and mergers and acquisitions and present surprising findings that often run counter to the claim that multinational firms primarily seek countries with low wage labor. The book closes with papers on financial opening and on the relationship between international economic policies and national economic growth rates.

Slaves to Fashion

Slaves to Fashion
Author: Robert Ross
Publisher: University of Michigan Press
Total Pages: 481
Release: 2010-02-22
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 047202566X

"A brilliant and beautiful book, the mature work of a lifetime, must reading for students of the globalization debate." ---Tom Hayden "Slaves to Fashion is a remarkable achievement, several books in one: a gripping history of sweatshops, explaining their decline, fall, and return; a study of how the media portray them; an analysis of the fortunes of the current anti-sweatshop movement; an anatomy of the global traffic in apparel, in particular the South-South competition that sends wages and working conditions plummeting toward the bottom; and not least, a passionate declaration of faith that humanity can find a way to get its work done without sweatshops. This is engaged sociology at its most stimulating." ---Todd Gitlin ". . . unflinchingly portrays the reemergence of the sweatshop in our dog-eat-dog economy." ---Los Angeles Times Just as Barbara Ehrenreich's Nickel and Dimed uncovered the plight of the working poor in America, Robert J. S. Ross's Slaves to Fashion exposes the dark side of the apparel industry and its exploited workers at home and abroad. It's both a lesson in American business history and a warning about one of the most important issues facing the global capital economy-the reappearance of the sweatshop. Vividly detailing the decline and tragic rebirth of sweatshop conditions in the American apparel industry of the twentieth century, Ross explains the new sweatshops as a product of unregulated global capitalism and associated deregulation, union erosion, and exploitation of undocumented workers. Using historical material and economic and social data, the author shows that after a brief thirty-five years of fair practices, the U.S. apparel business has once again sunk to shameful abuse and exploitation. Refreshingly jargon-free but documented in depth, Slaves to Fashion is the only work to estimate the size of the sweatshop problem and to systematically show its impact on apparel workers' wages. It is also unique in its analysis of the budgets and personnel used in enforcing the Fair Labor Standards Act. Anyone who is concerned about this urgent social and economic topic and wants to go beyond the headlines should read this important and timely contribution to the rising debate on low-wage factory labor. Robert J.S. Ross is Professor of Sociology, Clark University. He is an expert in the area of sweatshops and globalization. He is an activist academic who travels and lectures extensively and has published numerous related articles.

International Political Economy

International Political Economy
Author: Thomas Oatley
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 431
Release: 2015-10-05
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1317248341

Broadly viewing the global economy as a political competition that produces winners and losers, International Political Economy holistically and accessibly introduces the field of IPE to students with limited background in political theory, history, and economics.This text surveys major interests and institutions and examines how state and non-state actors pursue wealth and power. Emphasizing fundamental economic concepts as well as the interplay between domestic and international politics, International Political Economy not only explains how the global economy works; it also encourages students to think critically about how economic policy is made in the context of globalization.

Globalization And International Trade Policies

Globalization And International Trade Policies
Author: Robert M Stern
Publisher: World Scientific
Total Pages: 794
Release: 2009-09-04
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9814477125

This book brings together a collection of papers that Robert M Stern and his co-authors have written in recent years. The collection addresses a variety of issues pertinent to the global trading system. One group of papers deals with globalization in terms of what the public needs to know about this phenomenon and the role of the World Trade Organization (WTO), whether some countries may be hurt by globalization, how global market integration relates to national sovereignty, and how and whether considerations of fairness are and should be dealt with in the global trading system and WTO negotiations. A second group of papers consists of analytical and computational modeling studies of multilateral, regional, and bilateral trading arrangements and negotiations from a global and national perspective for the United States and other major trading countries. The remaining papers include an empirical analysis of barriers to international services transactions and the consequences of liberalization, and issues of international trade and labor standards.

Business Ethics

Business Ethics
Author: Denis Collins
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Total Pages: 1009
Release: 2017-11-27
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1506388035

Business Ethics: Best Practices for Designing and Managing Ethical Organizations, Second Edition focuses on how to create organizations of high integrity and superior performance. Author Denis Collins shows how to design organizations that reinforce ethical behavior and reduce ethical risks using his unique Optimal Ethics Systems Model that outlines how to hire and train ethical employees, make ethical decisions, and create a trusting, productive work environment. Taking a practical approach, this text is packed with tips, strategies, and real-world case studies that profile a wide variety of businesses, industries, and issues. New to This Edition: Premium Ethical Dilemma videos located in the Interactive eBook challenge students to practice their ethical reasoning and ethical decision-making skills. New case studies tackle complex ethical issues through real-world companies such as the NFL, Wells Fargo, Exxon Mobil, and Volkswagen. New chapter-opening ethical dilemmas based on real situations allow students to grapple with the grey areas of business ethics. Optimal Ethics System Check-Up surveys summarize the best practices discussed in the chapter to allow students to assess, benchmark, and continuously improve their own organization. Ethics in the News activities profile real-world events such as United Airlines’ removal of a passenger on an overbooked flight to challenge students to think critically about how they would respond in a particular situation. Up for Debate features highlight contentious issues that students encounter in real life (such as Facebook privacy).

Qualitative Indicators of Labour Standards

Qualitative Indicators of Labour Standards
Author: David Kucera
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 297
Release: 2007-03-11
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 140205310X

Recent years have witnessed a rapidly growing interest in the use and construction of "qualitative" indicators of labour standards. This volume results from a seminar that was organized to address these and related questions. The contributions offer a unique comparative critique of the progress toward standards. Contributors include academic experts as well as lawyers, social scientists and NGO experts who have done significant work on labour standards.

Challenging the Market

Challenging the Market
Author: International Working Group on Labour Market Regulation and Deregulation
Publisher: McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP
Total Pages: 399
Release: 2004
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0773527265

For two decades economic and social policy in most of the world has been guided by the notion that economies function best when they are fully exposed to competitive market forces. In labour market policy, this approach is reflected in the widespread emphasis on flexibility - a euphemism for the retrenchment of income support and social security, the relaxation of labour market regulations, and the enhanced power of private actors to determine the terms of the employment relationship. These strategies have had marked effects on labour market outcomes, leading to greater vulnerability and polarization - and not always in ways that enhance worker-centred flexibility. The authors offer a more balanced analysis of the functioning and effects of labour market regulation and deregulation. By questioning the underpinnings of the flexibility paradigm, and revealing its often damaging impacts (on different countries, sectors, and constituencies), they challenge the conclusion that unregulated market forces produce optimal labour market outcomes. The authors conclude with several suggestions for how labour policy could be reformulated to promote both efficiency and equity.