Value Judgement
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Author | : James Griffin |
Publisher | : Clarendon Press |
Total Pages | : 192 |
Release | : 1998-01-22 |
Genre | : Philosophy |
ISBN | : 0191036943 |
James Griffin asks how, and how much, we can improve our ethical standards not lift our behaviour closer to our standards but refine the standards themselves. To give an answer to this question it is necessary to answer most of the questions of ethics. So Value Judgement includes discussion of what a good life is like, where the boundaries of the `natural world' come, how values relate to that world, how great human capacitiesthe ones important to ethicsare, and where moral norms come from. Throughout the book the question of what philosophy can contribute to ethics repeatedly arises. Philosophical traditions, such as most forms of utilitarianism and deontology and virtue ethics, are, Griffin contends, too ambitious. Ethics cannot be what philosophers in those traditions expect it to be because agents cannot be what their philosophies need them to be. This clear, compelling, and original account of ethics will be of interest to anyone concerned with thinking about values: not only philosophers but legal, political, and economic theorists as well. L
Author | : Harry Brighouse |
Publisher | : University of Chicago Press |
Total Pages | : 201 |
Release | : 2018-01-24 |
Genre | : Education |
ISBN | : 022651417X |
This book, jointly authored by two distinguished philosophers and two prominent social scientists, has an ambitious aim: to improve decision-making in education policy. First they dive into the goals of education policy and explain the terms "educational goods" and "childhood goods," adding precision and clarity to the discussion of the distributive values that are essential for good decision-making about education. Then they provide a framework for individual decision-makers that enables them to combine values and evidence in the evaluation of educational policy options. Finally they delve into the particular policy issues of school finance, school accountability, and school choice, and they show how decision makers might approach them in the light of this decision-making framework. The authors are not advocated particular policy choices, however. The focus instead is a smart framework that will make it easier for policymakers (and readers) to identify and think through what they disagree with others about.
Author | : Robert C. Solomon |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 308 |
Release | : 2004 |
Genre | : Philosophy |
ISBN | : 0195153170 |
Philosophers since Aristotle have explored emotion, and the study of emotion has always been essential to the love of wisdom. In recent years Anglo-American philosophers have rediscovered and placed new emphasis on this very old discipline. The view that emotions are ripe for philosophical analysis has been supported by a considerable number of excellent publications. In this volume, Robert Solomon brings together some of the best Anglo-American philosophers now writing on the philosophy of emotion, with chapters from philosophers who have distinguished themselves in the field of emotion research and have interdisciplinary interests, particularly in the social and biological sciences. The reader will find a lively variety of positions on topics such as the nature of emotion, the category of "emotion," the rationality of emotions, the relationship between an emotion and its expression, the relationship between emotion, motivation, and action, the biological nature versus social construction of emotion, the role of the body in emotion, the extent of freedom and our control of emotions, the relationship between emotion and value, and the very nature and warrant of theories of emotion. In addition, this book acknowledges that it is impossible to study the emotions today without engaging with contemporary psychology and the neurosciences, and moreover engages them with zeal. Thus the essays included here should appeal to a broad spectrum of emotion researchers in the various theoretical, experimental, and clinical branches of psychology, in addition to theorists in philosophy, philosophical psychology, moral psychology, and cognitive science, the social sciences, and literary theory.
Author | : Michael W. Clune |
Publisher | : University of Chicago Press |
Total Pages | : 255 |
Release | : 2021-04-23 |
Genre | : Philosophy |
ISBN | : 022677029X |
Teachers of literature make judgments about value. They tell their students which works are powerful, beautiful, surprising, strange, or insightful—and thus, which are more worthy of time and attention than others. Yet the field of literary studies has largely disavowed judgments of artistic value on the grounds that they are inevitably rooted in prejudice or entangled in problems of social status. For several decades now, professors have called their work value-neutral, simply a means for students to gain cultural, political, or historical knowledge. ?Michael W. Clune’s provocative book challenges these objections to judgment and offers a positive account of literary studies as an institution of aesthetic education. It is impossible, Clune argues, to separate judgments about literary value from the practices of interpretation and analysis that constitute any viable model of literary expertise. Clune envisions a progressive politics freed from the strictures of dogmatic equality and enlivened by education in aesthetic judgment, transcending consumer culture and market preferences. Drawing on psychological and philosophical theories of knowledge and perception, Clune advocates for the cultivation of what John Keats called “negative capability,” the capacity to place existing criteria in doubt and to discover new concepts and new values in artworks. Moving from theory to practice, Clune takes up works by Keats, Emily Dickinson, Gwendolyn Brooks, Samuel Beckett, and Thomas Bernhard, showing how close reading—the profession’s traditional key skill—harnesses judgment to open new modes of perception.
Author | : Abdulkadir Tanrikulu |
Publisher | : AuthorHouse |
Total Pages | : 113 |
Release | : 2016-01-22 |
Genre | : Self-Help |
ISBN | : 1504998200 |
Abdulkadir Tanrikulu was born in Diyarbakir in 1961 and was educated in the journalism faculty of Ankara University. He left his studies of journalism and public relations in the fourth year. He worked as a journalist for two years during the most violent period in Turkeys southeast (19881990). Following this, he took management positions in several private companies. During his life following university, he closely observed society. He observed that the instincts of people in situations where terrorism prevails affected their behaviour in an unhealthy manner. He witnessed the state becoming more aggressive and the destruction of the concept of justice and judicial organisations that would affect the future of the people. He witnessed the effects of an unhealthy environment on forthcoming generations, how they suffered, and how families lost hope. He wrote about these experiences in books several times but, each time, did not consider the end product to be sufficient, and he abandoned these projects, destroying the books. The author also observed the spiritual interactions of the people and witnessed the reactions of religious organisations to an environment where terrorism was rife. The books he wrote on these subjects he also destroyed without publishing. If you have no respect for your profession, the place you live, your individual or societal identity, your status within society, your beliefs, no matter what your ideology is, if you have no respect for human values, you are merely a savage. Eventually he came to this conclusion: if you cannot be human, you are nothing but a savage.
Author | : Robert M. Ellis |
Publisher | : Equinox Publishing (UK) |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2019 |
Genre | : Eightfold Path |
ISBN | : 9781781798195 |
The Middle Way is the first teaching offered by the Buddha in his first address, and the basis of his practical method in meditation, ethics, and wisdom. It is often mentioned in connection with Buddhist teachings, yet the full case for its importance has not yet been made. This book aims to make that case.
Author | : Institute of Medicine |
Publisher | : National Academies Press |
Total Pages | : 169 |
Release | : 1990-02-01 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 0309043468 |
The Alberta clinical practice guidelines program is supporting appropriate, effective and quality medical care in Alberta through promotion, development and implementation of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines.
Author | : Philip E. Tetlock |
Publisher | : Princeton University Press |
Total Pages | : 368 |
Release | : 2017-08-29 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : 1400888816 |
Since its original publication, Expert Political Judgment by New York Times bestselling author Philip Tetlock has established itself as a contemporary classic in the literature on evaluating expert opinion. Tetlock first discusses arguments about whether the world is too complex for people to find the tools to understand political phenomena, let alone predict the future. He evaluates predictions from experts in different fields, comparing them to predictions by well-informed laity or those based on simple extrapolation from current trends. He goes on to analyze which styles of thinking are more successful in forecasting. Classifying thinking styles using Isaiah Berlin's prototypes of the fox and the hedgehog, Tetlock contends that the fox--the thinker who knows many little things, draws from an eclectic array of traditions, and is better able to improvise in response to changing events--is more successful in predicting the future than the hedgehog, who knows one big thing, toils devotedly within one tradition, and imposes formulaic solutions on ill-defined problems. He notes a perversely inverse relationship between the best scientific indicators of good judgement and the qualities that the media most prizes in pundits--the single-minded determination required to prevail in ideological combat. Clearly written and impeccably researched, the book fills a huge void in the literature on evaluating expert opinion. It will appeal across many academic disciplines as well as to corporations seeking to develop standards for judging expert decision-making. Now with a new preface in which Tetlock discusses the latest research in the field, the book explores what constitutes good judgment in predicting future events and looks at why experts are often wrong in their forecasts.
Author | : Nelouise Geyer |
Publisher | : Juta and Company Ltd |
Total Pages | : 724 |
Release | : 2009-02 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 9780702180323 |
Completely updated to include the latest developments in the field of Nursing Science, this second edition covers the topics required for both Fundamental and General Nursing Science; this makes it suitable for the categories of Nursing Auxiliary, Staff Nurse and for the fundamentals of nursing for Professional Nurses. The manual has a strong community-based focus. It introduces the nurse to the fundamentals of nursing and is extremely practical, encouraging problem solving both in the clinic and in the community. Each chapter has tutorial-type questions to stimulate discussion and personal research. Key Features: This updated edition includes a chapter on the important topic of Informatics; The text is outcomes-based so that students understand the focus of each chapter; Numerous line drawings expand on difficult concepts; It covers the new curriculum; therefore lecturers can be assured the book will meet their needs; Summaries of key ethical and legal considerations in each chapter highlight these important aspects; The content encourages the development of problem-solving skills so that the nurse can deal with problems as they arise in the community/clinic environment; Self-assessment and discussion topics throughout the text test what has been learnt.
Author | : National Research Council |
Publisher | : National Academies Press |
Total Pages | : 291 |
Release | : 2005-05-14 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 030909318X |
Nutrient recycling, habitat for plants and animals, flood control, and water supply are among the many beneficial services provided by aquatic ecosystems. In making decisions about human activities, such as draining a wetland for a housing development, it is essential to consider both the value of the development and the value of the ecosystem services that could be lost. Despite a growing recognition of the importance of ecosystem services, their value is often overlooked in environmental decision-making. This report identifies methods for assigning economic value to ecosystem servicesâ€"even intangible onesâ€"and calls for greater collaboration between ecologists and economists in such efforts.