The popularity of the work of Valerius Maximus during the Middle Ages and Renaissance was due to its value as a source of moral exhortation and guidance: the work was as relevant to the readers of those times as it had been to Valerius' contemporaries in the first century AD. Practical Ethics for Roman Gentlemen demonstrates that the purpose of Valerius' work was to promote a system of morality based upon historical precedent that was both traditional and authoritative to the educated classes for whom he wrote. Practical Ethics for Roman Gentlemen offers a re-definition of the purpose of Valerius' work and totally new conclusions about its predecessors, form and audience. The book is not confined to an examination of Valerius' work in isolation, but also examines earlier forms of exemplary literature, questions of how Roman literature was communicated to its audience, and presents an entirely new theory on the identity of Valerius Maximus the author.