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| Author | : International Monetary |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 85 |
| Release | : 2022-01-25 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
2021 Article IV Consultation--Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Uruguay
| Author | : International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept. |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 82 |
| Release | : 2023-05-23 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : |
Uruguay showed strong resilience during the Covid-19 pandemic, owing to its high institutional quality, strong governance, and the authorities’ policy responses. Scarring effects in real activity and the labor market were mitigated somewhat by the authorities’ well-targeted responses. The authorities’ strong track record of implementing sound macroeconomic policies in a challenging environment has improved the country’s resilience to shocks. Since September 2022, the country is undergoing the most severe drought in forty years.
| Author | : International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept. |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 73 |
| Release | : 2018-01-31 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1484338324 |
This 2017 Article IV Consultation highlights that the fiscal adjustment in Uruguay is on track. Fiscal policy has been countercyclical in 2017, with higher income tax receipts partly offset by rising pension and health care costs. The overall deficit is estimated to decline to 3.3 percent of GDP, and the government continues to be able to access international financial markets on favorable terms, including through global nominal-peso bonds. Financial flows have remained volatile, and local and nonresident investor interest in the peso has been strong overall. The current account balance has been improving and is now in surplus, estimated to approach 2 percent of GDP in 2017.
| Author | : Mr. Mauricio Vargas |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 36 |
| Release | : 2023-11-24 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : |
With some of the most significant levels of financial dollarization in the Western Hemisphere, Uruguay is characterized by extensive dollarization in both deposits and loans. While traditional factors like high inflation and substantial devaluations have been associated with such outcome, the enduring nature of dollarization in Uruguay also underscores the importance of structural elements. In formulating a holistic strategy to reduce dollarization, not only should there be an enhancement of the monetary policy framework aimed at maintaining low, stable inflation, but it should also consider the calibration of prudential policies such as currency-differentiated reserve requirements and foreign-currency credit repos.
| Author | : International Monetary |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 82 |
| Release | : 2021-07-30 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1513588141 |
After over two decades of unprecedented economic expansion, Panama’s economy contracted sharply in 2020 amidst challenges from the COVID-19 pandemic. As conditions rapidly deteriorated, Panama requested financial support under the Rapid Financing Instrument (RFI) for 100 percent of quota equivalent to US$0.5 billion (SDR 0.4 billion) to address immediate balance of payments needs, which the IMF Executive Board approved on April 15, 2020. Subsequently, uncertainties magnified, and Panama requested a two-year arrangement under the Precautionary and Liquidity Line (PLL) for 500 percent of quota, equivalent to US$2.7 billion (SDR 1.9 billion), as insurance against extreme external shocks, which was approved by the IMF Executive Board on January 19, 2021.
| Author | : International Monetary |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 61 |
| Release | : 2021-08-04 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1513593056 |
Following the October 2020 election, the new administration moved to tackle the devastating human and economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The economy shows signs of recovery from its 8.8 percent contraction in 2020. However, fiscal imbalances have increased and international reserves continue to fall. On February 12, Bolivia repurchased the 240.1 million SDR purchase under the Fund’s Rapid Financing Instrument (that was approved by the Fund’s Executive Board in April 2020).
| Author | : International Monetary |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 114 |
| Release | : 2022-01-28 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : |
The pandemic interrupted ten years of growth, but El Salvador is rebounding quickly. Robust external demand, resilient remittances, and a sound management of the pandemic—with the help of a disbursement under the Rapid Financing Instrument (RFI) (SDR287.2 million or US$389 million) approved in April 2020—are supporting a strong recovery. Persistent fiscal deficits and high debt service are leading to large and increasing gross fiscal financing needs.
| Author | : International Monetary |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 84 |
| Release | : 2022-03-10 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : |
Trinidad and Tobago faced unprecedented challenges in 2020–21. The combined effects of COVID-19 and energy production and price shocks pushed the economy further into recession. A decisive policy response helped contain the virus spread and protect lives and livelihoods. The fiscal position worsened due to significant tax revenues shortfalls, pushing public debt up. The vaccination pace accelerated recently, but vaccine hesitancy remains high, amid a potential new wave of infections.
| Author | : International Monetary |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 84 |
| Release | : 2022-05-09 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : |
The Bahamas is experiencing a tourism-led rebound. Real GDP growth in 2021 was close to 14 percent, as stayover tourist arrivals doubled relative to 2020. The economy is projected to expand by 8 percent in 2022. Nonetheless, it will likely take until 2024 to return to the 2019 level of GDP and the pandemic has given rise to significant human and social costs. The country’s medium-term growth challenges are likely worse than before, and public finances are in a more precarious state. Risks are skewed downwards given a difficult near-term financing situation, rising inflationary—and potentially BOP—pressures because of the war in Ukraine, an ongoing threat from the evolving pandemic, and the country’s high vulnerability to natural disasters.
| Author | : International Monetary |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 93 |
| Release | : 2022-05-11 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : |
After being hit very hard by the pandemic in 2020, both in terms of health and economic outcomes, Peru experienced an equally strong economic rebound in 2021. A new administration was inaugurated in July 2021 with a program focused on reducing inequality and improving social conditions, but limited support from Congress and lack of cohesion heightened political uncertainty. While real GDP surpassed its pre-pandemic level by 2021, labor force participation and total employment have not fully recovered yet. Poverty increased significantly in 2020 and, despite some improvement in 2021, remains higher than in 2019. On May 27, 2021, the IMF Executive Board completed the mid-term review of Peru’s continued qualification under the Flexible Credit Line (FCL) arrangement.
