Shadow Sovereign Ratings for Unrated Developing Countries

Shadow Sovereign Ratings for Unrated Developing Countries
Author: Dilip Ratha
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Total Pages: 37
Release: 2007
Genre: Access to Finance
ISBN:

The authors attempt to predict sovereign ratings for developing countries that do not have risk ratings from agencies such as Fitch, Moody's, and Standard and Poor's. Ratings affect capital flows to developing countries through international bond, loan and equity markets. Sovereign rating also acts as a ceiling for the foreign currency rating of sub-sovereign borrowers. As of the end of 2006, however, only 86 developing countries have been rated by the rating agencies. Of these, 15 countries have not been rated since 2004. Nearly 70 developing countries have never been rated. The results indicate that the unrated countries are not always at the bottom of the rating spectrum. Several unrated poor countries appear to have a 'B' or higher rating, in a similar range as the emerging market economies with capital market access. Drawing on the literature, the analysis presents a stylized relationship between borrowing costs and the credit rating of sovereign bonds. The launch spread rises as the credit rating deteriorates, registering a sharp rise at the investment grade threshold. Based on these findings, a case can be made in favor of helping poor countries obtain credit ratings not only for sovereign borrowing, but for sub-sovereign entities' access to international debt and equity capital. The rating model along with the stylized relationship between spreads and ratings can be useful for securitization and other financial structures, and for leveraging official aid, for improving borrowing terms in poor countries.

By the Light of the Scottish Moon - Unrated

By the Light of the Scottish Moon - Unrated
Author: Red Phoenix
Publisher: Red Phoenix
Total Pages: 70
Release: 2021-05-21
Genre: Fiction
ISBN:

Two lost souls, the Moon and a death wish... Bryn, the leader of his wolf pack, is so lost in his own pain he cannot see beyond it. Freya is dying and has come home to Scotland to say goodbye. A chance encounter on the moors of Scotland brings these two lost souls together. Freya’s fate lies in Bryn’s loving hands, but he knows that to save her he must kill her. Note To My Fans - This is the extended, erotic version with new material and a preview of the sequel!

Triple Play: An Unrated! Prequel

Triple Play: An Unrated! Prequel
Author: Leslie Kelly
Publisher: Harlequin
Total Pages: 61
Release: 2013-12-24
Genre: Fiction
ISBN: 1459255488

Introducing Unrated!, the hottest—and naughtiest—new miniseries from Blaze! Sneak a playful peek with this sexy prequel novella from New York Times bestselling author Leslie Kelly… When she was eighteen, Emily Crowder was naughty for the first time in her life. She slipped naked into Rand McConnell's bed, experienced her first (and best) orgasm…and lost her heart. Then Rand disappeared without a word. Seven years later, Rand strides back into her life, now a famous ballplayer, every woman's lust-filled fantasy—and a guest at Emily's hotel. He says he wants to explain…and he wants to finish what they started. Emily's Good Girl side reminds her of the pain she felt when Rand left the last time. But Emily has played the Good Girl for far too long. Perhaps it's time she let her Very, Very Naughty side take over again. Only this time, Rand is going to play by her rules… Don't miss out on even more steamy Unrated! books from Harlequin Blaze!

J.R.R. Tolkien, Unrated Genius, Visionary and Creator of Fantasy Worlds. His Novels and Influence on Today's Youth

J.R.R. Tolkien, Unrated Genius, Visionary and Creator of Fantasy Worlds. His Novels and Influence on Today's Youth
Author: Łukasz Gołąbek
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Total Pages: 17
Release: 2016-11-08
Genre: Literary Criticism
ISBN: 3668336687

Essay from the year 2012 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Literature, grade: 1,0, University of Bielsko-Biała, language: English, abstract: Professor of Anglo-Saxon at Oxford University, a brilliant philologist, and a self-described "hobbit," J. R. R. Tolkien created two of the best-loved stories of the 20th century. "The Hobbit" and "The Lord of the Rings" were recently made into multiple award-winning movies by director Peter Jackson for New Line Cinema. Is Tolkien a genius, a visionary ? This paper will figure it out by tracing Tolkien's biography and determining his influence on the generations of readers and viewers that followed him.

The Financial Times Guide to Bond and Money Markets

The Financial Times Guide to Bond and Money Markets
Author: Glen Arnold
Publisher: Pearson UK
Total Pages: 381
Release: 2015-08-11
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0273791818

This jargon-busting book shows how bond & money markets work & how they impact on everyday life. · Understand terms & products · Explore types of markets & their functions · Discover factors influencing market prices · Learn how fluctuations can affect your money strategies

Hearings

Hearings
Author: United States. Congress Senate
Publisher:
Total Pages: 2504
Release: 1944
Genre:
ISBN:

Code of Federal Regulations

Code of Federal Regulations
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 654
Release: 2012
Genre: Banking law
ISBN:

Special edition of the Federal register, containing a codification of documents of general applicability and future effect as of Jan. ... with ancillaries.