Uncertainty And The Employment Dynamics Of Small And Large Businesses
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| Author | : Vivek Ghosal |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 49 |
| Release | : 2015-01-14 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1498356176 |
We examine the impact of uncertainty on employment dynamics. Alternative measures of uncertainty are constructed based on the survey of professional forecasters, and regressionbased forecasting models for GDP growth, inflation, S&P500 stock price index, and fuel prices. Our results indicate that greater uncertainty has a negative impact on growth of employment, and the effects are primarily felt by the relatively smaller businesses; the impact on large businesses are generally non-existent or weaker. Our results suggest that to truly understand the effects of uncertainty on employment dynamics, we need to focus on the relatively smaller and entrepreneurial businesses. We discuss implications for the framing of economic policy.
| Author | : Sangyup Choi |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 26 |
| Release | : 2015-02-23 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1498356303 |
We study the role of uncertainty shocks in explaining unemployment dynamics, separating out the role of aggregate and sectoral channels. Using S&P500 data from the first quarter of 1957 to third quarter of 2014, we construct separate indices to measure aggregate and sectoral uncertainty and compare their effects on the unemployment rate in a standard macroeconomic vector autoregressive (VAR) model. We find that aggregate uncertainty leads to an immediate increase in unemployment, with the impact dissipating within a year. In contrast, sectoral uncertainty has a long-lived impact on unemployment, with the peak impact occurring after two years. The results are consistent with a view that the impact of aggregate uncertainty occurs through a “wait-and-see” mechanism while increased sectoral uncertainty raises unemployment by requiring greater reallocation across sectors.
| Author | : Dr. Chris Akaeze |
| Publisher | : Xlibris Corporation |
| Total Pages | : 164 |
| Release | : 2016-12-09 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1524567167 |
Since early 1960s Nigeria, economy has been unstable and monolithic, centered on crude oil production and export. Instability of Nigeria economy is contributory to why only less than 20 percent small startup businesses survive the first five years. In spite of the unstable business environment, owners created approximately 17.3 million small businesses across Nigeria and employed a total of approximately thirty-two million workers with contribution of about 45 percent to the GDP. Based on theory of constraints, the purpose of this qualitative multiple-case study was to explore strategies required by some small business owners to survive Nigerias unstable economy beyond five years. Data were collected through semistructured interviews with three small business owners who had succeeded in business beyond the first five years from three different regions in Nigeria. The business strategies may help prospective and existing Nigerian small business owners improve profit and sustain business for survival beyond five years.
| Author | : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 16 |
| Release | : 2015-03-24 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 147555138X |
Articles in the March 2015 Research Bulletin focus on the oil market, energy subsidies, and output. The Research Summary on "An Exploration in Deep Corners of the Oil Market," authored by Rabah Arezki, Douglas Laxton, Armen Nurekyan, and Hou Wang, examines fluctuations in oil prices. "The State Budget May Afford It All," by Christian Ebeke and Constant Lonkeng Ngbouana, reviews energy subsidies and their fiscal, distributional, and environmental costs. In the “Q&A” column Pau Rabanal takes a look at “Seven Questions on Potential Output.” The Bulletin includes a listing of recent IMF Working Papers, Staff Discussion Notes, recommended readings from IMF Publications, and a call for papers for the next Annual Research Conference. A link with information and free access to IMF Economic Review is also included.
| Author | : Jean-Pierre Bourguignon |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 766 |
| Release | : 2015-07-24 |
| Genre | : Mathematics |
| ISBN | : 3319161180 |
The focus of this volume is research carried out as part of the program Mathematics of Planet Earth, which provides a platform to showcase the essential role of mathematics in addressing problems of an economic and social nature and creating a context for mathematicians and applied scientists to foster mathematical and interdisciplinary developments that will be necessary to tackle a myriad of issues and meet future global economic and social challenges. Earth is a planet with dynamic processes in its mantle, oceans and atmosphere creating climate, causing natural disasters and influencing fundamental aspects of life and life-supporting systems. In addition to these natural processes, human activity has developed highly complex systems, including economic and financial systems; the World Wide Web; frameworks for resource management, transportation, energy production and utilization; health care delivery, and social organizations. This development has increased to the point where it impacts the stability and equilibrium in human societies. Issues such as financial and economic crisis, sustainability, management of resources, risk analysis, and global integration have come to the fore. Written by some of the world’s leading specialists, this book presents the proceedings of the International Conference and Advanced School Planet Earth, Dynamics, Games and Science II, held in Lisbon, Portugal, 28 August -6 September 2013, which was organized by the International Center of Mathematics (CIM) as a partner institution of the international program Mathematics of Planet Earth 2013. The book describes the state of the art in advanced research and ultimate techniques in modeling natural, economic and social phenomena. It constitutes a tool and a framework for researchers and graduate students, both in mathematics and applied sciences, focusing mainly on dynamical systems, game theory and applied sciences.
| Author | : John Haltiwanger |
| Publisher | : University of Chicago Press |
| Total Pages | : 488 |
| Release | : 2017-09-21 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 022645407X |
Measuring Entrepreneurial Businesses: Current Knowledge and Challenges brings together and unprecedented group of economists, data providers, and data analysts to discuss research on the state of entrepreneurship and to address the challenges in understanding this dynamic part of the economy. Each chapter addresses the challenges of measuring entrepreneurship and how entrepreneurial firms contribute to economies and standards of living. The book also investigates heterogeneity in entrepreneurs, challenges experienced by entrepreneurs over time, and how much less we know than we think about entrepreneurship given data limitations. This volume will be a groundbreaking first serious look into entrepreneurship in the NBER's Income and Wealth series.
| Author | : Dale W. Jorgenson |
| Publisher | : University of Chicago Press |
| Total Pages | : 649 |
| Release | : 2007-11-01 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 0226410870 |
A New Architecture for the U.S. National Accounts brings together a distinguished group of contributors to initiate the development of a comprehensive and fully integrated set of United States national accounts. The purpose of the new architecture is not only to integrate the existing systems of accounts, but also to identify gaps and inconsistencies and expand and incorporate systems of nonmarket accounts with the core system. Since the United States economy accounts for almost thirty percent of the world economy, it is not surprising that accounting for this huge and diverse set of economic activities requires a decentralized statistical system. This volume outlines the major assignments among institutions that include the Bureau of Economic Analysis, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Department of Labor, the Census Bureau, and the Governors of the Federal Reserve System. An important part of the motivation for the new architecture is to integrate the different components and make them consistent. This volume is the first step toward achieving that goal.
| Author | : Ms.Valerie Cerra |
| Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
| Total Pages | : 50 |
| Release | : 2020-05-29 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 1513536990 |
Traditionally, economic growth and business cycles have been treated independently. However, the dependence of GDP levels on its history of shocks, what economists refer to as “hysteresis,” argues for unifying the analysis of growth and cycles. In this paper, we review the recent empirical and theoretical literature that motivate this paradigm shift. The renewed interest in hysteresis has been sparked by the persistence of the Global Financial Crisis and fears of a slow recovery from the Covid-19 crisis. The findings of the recent literature have far-reaching conceptual and policy implications. In recessions, monetary and fiscal policies need to be more active to avoid the permanent scars of a downturn. And in good times, running a high-pressure economy could have permanent positive effects.
| Author | : Scott L. Newbert |
| Publisher | : Bloomsbury Publishing USA |
| Total Pages | : 485 |
| Release | : 2015-05-05 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : |
This informative set analyzes the dynamics involved with creating, growing, and managing small businesses amid different geographic, institutional, and political environments. This two-volume work explores the behavior and decision making of small companies; their business strategies for launch, growth, and survival; and their contribution to the larger global economy. Utilizing information and data gleaned from proven entrepreneurs and small business operations, this reference provides insight into the political, environmental, and competitive forces that support and impede small business ownership, and offers strategies for navigating them. Written by leading researchers from around the world, the set presents a broad view of the small business sector, focusing on conception, ownership, financing, and growth strategies. A look at external factors features the impact of political and environmental influences; extant regulations affecting small firms; and programs for promoting this sector. The first volume takes a micro view of the small business phenomenon, profiling the owner and the skills necessary to be successful. The second volume utilizes a macro approach, focusing on the operational concerns of and the environment factors bearing upon small businesses.
| Author | : Steven J. Davis |
| Publisher | : MIT Press (MA) |
| Total Pages | : 260 |
| Release | : 1996 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 9780262041522 |
This volume considers the American manufacturing industry, and develops a statistical portait of the microeconomic adjustments that affect business and workers. The authors focus on the employer rather than worker side of the process aiming to show the processes that will be relevant to economists.
