Apart from physical damage, component failure is the most common reason why PCBs need repair and rework. Component failure may be the result of low-quality dislodging, or ageing of components. A bad PCB layout, however, is the most common cause. Power failure, overheated parts, and burned components may result from a poor design. PCB rework is the process of making changes to or fixing flaws on a printed circuit board after it has already been produced or assembled. This may require anything from changing components to cleaning up excess solder to fixing broken traces or pads. Circuit board rework is a crucial step in electronics production because it allows manufacturers to address any issues with their final products, before they reach the end user. In Electronics, defects leading to rework may include: Poor solder joints because of faulty assembly or thermal cycling. Solder bridges—unwanted drops of solder that connect points that should be isolated from each other. Faulty components. Engineering parts changes, upgrades, etc. Components broken due to natural wear, physical stress or excessive current. Components damaged due to liquid ingress, leading to corrosion, weak solder joints or physical damage. Surface mount technology (SMT) rework and through hole technology (THT) rework are the two most common forms of the printed circuit board (PCB) rework. Surface mount technology, or SMT, refers to small, flat components that are soldered directly onto the surface of a printer