Treatment Decision after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury, and Evaluation of Measurement Properties of a Patient Reported Outcome Measure

Treatment Decision after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury, and Evaluation of Measurement Properties of a Patient Reported Outcome Measure
Author: Hanna Tigerstrand Grevnerts
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
Total Pages: 93
Release: 2019-11-04
Genre:
ISBN: 9179299903

Background: After an ACL injury, treatment aims to restore knee function. Evaluation of treatment progress is important, and adequate measurement methods are necessary. The International Knee Documentation Committee- Subjective Knee Form (IKDC-SKF) is a common patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) used after ACL injury. It evaluates symptoms, function and physical activity. The IKDC-SKF had not been translated to Swedish language for use in Swedish clinical and research settings. The measurement properties of the IKDC-SKF had been tested, but no assessment of methodological quality of the studies investigating it, nor compiling of results, was published. Sooner or later after an ACL injury, a treatment decision must be made. Treatment options are either ACL reconstruction (ACLR) plus rehabilitation, or rehabilitation alone. There are guidelines stating that a decision for ACLR should be made if the patient has high activity demands and/or knee instability. It is unclear which factors orthopaedic surgeons and physiotherapists prioritise when recommending ACLR. It is also unclear when the decision for treatment is taken, on what grounds, and how treatment decision correlates to patients reported symptoms and function. Aims: The overall aim of this thesis was to evaluate the measurement properties of a patient-reported measure for evaluation of function after ACL injury and treatment, and to overview the treatment decision process after an ACL injury. Methods: A systematic review was conducted to assess the measurement properties of the IKDC-SKF. The IKDC-SKF was translated from English to Swedish, and the Swedish version was tested for reliability, validity, responsiveness and interpretability. A survey study was conducted, where 98 orthopaedic surgeons and 391 physiotherapists rated 21 predefined factors based on importance to the decision for ACLR. Orthopadic surgeons and physiotherapists rated how important they considered their own, their counterparts’ and patient’s wishes for treatment decision making. In a prospective cohort study, patients with an ACL injury were followed from within 6 weeks up to 12 months after injury. Data regarding treatment chosen, when and why, 11were described and compared to patient-reported pre-injury activity level, instability and function. Results: The English and Swedish version of the IKDC-SKF had good measurement properties and interpretability. Swedish orthopaedic surgeons and physiotherapists considered young age, high activity demands, knee-demanding occupation, and knee instability despite adequate rehabilitation indications to recommend ACLR. An early decision for ACLR was primarily based on high activity demands. A later decision was mainly due to instability and high activity demands. A decision taken later than five months after injury was based mainly on instability. A decision for non-operative treatment taken and maintained during the first 12 months after injury was mainly due to sufficient function or no instability problems, and patients were older than other groups. Conclusions: The patient-reported outcome measurement IKDC-SKF was suitable for evaluation and assessment in patients with ACL injury. ACLR as treatment after an ACL injury was recommended for young patients and/or those with high activity demands (i.e. knee demanding occupation and/or instability despite adequate rehabilitation). An early decision for ACLR was more often based on high activity demands, while later decisions were more often based upon perceived instability. Non-operative treatment decisions were often based upon lack of instability problems or sufficient knee function. Self-reported instability and function during the first three months after ACL injury were no different in patients who chose ACLR treatment or who chose non-operative treatment. Bakgrund: Efter en främre korsbandsskada syftar behandlingen att återställa knäfunktionen. Utvärdering av framstegen är av vikt, och adekvata mätmetoder för detta är nödvändigt. International Knee Documentation Committtee Subjective Knee Form (IKDC-SKF) är ett patientskattningsformulär som är välanvänt över hela världen vid främre korsbandsskador. Det utvärderar symptom, funktion och fysisk aktivitet. Det har inte funnits tillgängligt på svenska tidigare och det har heller inte funnits någon sammanställning över formulärets mätegenskaper. Efter en främre korsbandsskada måste förr eller senare beslut om behandling fattas, om patienten ska genomgå en rekonstruktionsoperation för främre korsbandet, med efterföljande rehabilitering, eller enbart rehabilitering. Det finns riktlinjer som gör gällande att en korsbandsrekonstruktion kan vara ett adekvat alternativ när patienten har höga aktivitetskrav eller lider av instabilitet i knäleden. Det är dock ej fastställt vilka faktorer ortopedläkare och fysioterapeuter anser viktiga för att rekommendera rekonstruktionsoperation. Det är inte heller klargjort när efter skada och på vilka grunder faktiska behandlingsbeslut fattas, och hur orsaken till beslutet hänger samman med patientens självrapporterade symptom och funktion. Syfte: Det övergripande syftet med avhandlingen var att utvärdera mätegenskaper för ett patientskattningsformulär som utvärderar funktion efter en främre korsbandsskada, samt att överblicka beslutsprocessen för behandling efter en främre korsbandsskada. Metod: En systematisk genomgång utfördes av studier som utvärderat mätegenskaper för IKDC-SKF. Studierna värderades avseende metodologi och resultat. IKDC-SKF översattes till svenska, och den svenska versionens mätegenskaper prövades. En enkätstudie utfördes där 98 svenska ortopedläkare och 391 svenska fysioterapeuter fick skatta 21 faktorers betydelse för valet att rekommendera rekonstruktionsoperation av främre korsbandet. Ortopedläkare och fysioterapeuter fick även skatta vikten av sin egen och motpartens bedömning samt patientens önskan, i valet av behandling. I en prospektiv kohortstudie följdes 219 patienter med en främre korsbandsskada, från 6 veckor och upp till 12 månader efter skadan. Data om vilken behandling patienten genomgått, när behandling valdes och grunder för behandling samlades in från patient och ortopedläkare och jämfördes med patientskattad aktivitetsnivå innan skada, instabilitet och funktion. Resultat: Den systematiska genomgången av IKDC-SKF och prövningen av den svenska versionens mätegenskaper visade att IKDC-SKF uppvisar goda mätegenskaper och går att tolka i kliniken? Svenska ortopedläkare och fysioterapeuter anser att ung ålder, höga aktivitetskrav, knäkrävande arbete och instabilitet trots adekvat rehabilitering är faktorer som indicerar behov av rekonstruktionsoperation av främre korsbandet. Ett tidigt beslut för rekonstruktionsoperation efter främre korsbandsskada fattas i hög grad på grund av höga aktivitetskrav, och dessa patienter har även högre aktivitetsnivå innan skada. Ett senare beslut för rekonstruktionsoperation fattas i hög grad på grund av instabilitet och höga aktivitetskrav, medan ett sent beslut fattas i hög grad på grund av instabilitet. Ett beslut att enbart behandla med rehabilitering fattas i hög grad på grund av att patienten har tillräckligt god funktion eller inte har några besvär från instabilitet. Det var inga skillnader i patientskattad funktion och instabilitet mellan de patienter där rekonstruktionsoperation valdes och de som valde att behandla med enbart rehabilitering. Sammanfattning: IKDC-SKF visar goda mätegenskaper och kan rekommenderas för användning hos patienter med en främre korsbandsskada och andra knärelaterade diagnoser. Efter en främre korsbandsskada fattas ett tidigt beslut för rekonstruktionsoperation på grund av höga aktivitetskrav. Ett senare beslut för rekonstruktionsoperation fattas när patienten lider av instabilitet och nedsatt knäfunktion, medan ett beslut för enbart rehabilitering valdes när funktion och knästabilitet var god. Det var inga skillnader mellan patienter där man valt rekonstruktionsoperation och enbart rehabilitering, avseende skattad funktion och instabilitet. Både ortopedläkarens och fysioterapeutens bedömning samt patientens önskan är viktig i valet av behandling.

Strategic Clinical Decision-making After ACL Injury and Reconstruction

Strategic Clinical Decision-making After ACL Injury and Reconstruction
Author: Jessica L. Johnson
Publisher:
Total Pages: 155
Release: 2021
Genre:
ISBN:

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) is the common treatment recommendation after ACL injury, however, outcomes after surgery are not uniformly good. Only about 55% of athletes return to previous levels of competition after ACLR and among those who do return, up to 30% have a second ACL injury. Additionally, patients with ACL injury have higher rates of osteoarthritis, some as early as one year after injury. ACL injury is a common sport injury with increasing incidence, and a peak age between 15-25 years old, so these injuries have devastating consequences to both activities of daily living and sports participation in young active individuals.

The Pediatric Anterior Cruciate Ligament

The Pediatric Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Author: Shital N. Parikh
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 301
Release: 2017-11-17
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 3319647717

This unique book fills the void in the existing literature related to the diagnosis and evaluation of pediatric ACL injuries and presents both current and emerging surgical techniques for pediatric ACL reconstruction. Once considered rare, these injuries are on the rise as children are increasingly active and engaged in high-impact sports. Historically, these injuries have been treated with benign neglect, but there is increasing evidence that non-operative treatment approaches can lead to recurrent instability, further injury to the meniscus or cartilage, and eventually joint degeneration. Opening with discussion of epidemiology, developmental anatomy, and assessment and radiography, this one-stop resource then presents conservative and surgical management strategies and algorithms, including ACL reconstruction without bone tunnels, use of epiphyseal tunnels, trans-physeal tunnels, or hybrid techniques. Special attention is given to the young female athlete, complications, prevention strategies, rehabilitation and return to play considerations. Bringing together the latest clinical evidence with the preferred techniques of experts in the field, The Pediatric Anterior Cruciate Ligament is a comprehensive and detailed analysis of the inherent problems in treating ACL injuries in the pediatric patient, useful for pediatric orthopedic surgeons, orthopedic sports medicine surgeons, primary care sports medicine physicians and other professionals working with the young athlete.

Knee Ligaments

Knee Ligaments
Author: Dale M. Daniel
Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Total Pages: 584
Release: 1990
Genre: Medical
ISBN:

Precision ACL Reconstruction, An Issue of Clinics in Sports Medicine, E-Book

Precision ACL Reconstruction, An Issue of Clinics in Sports Medicine, E-Book
Author: Volker Musahl
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
Total Pages: 265
Release: 2024-06-01
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0443183996

In this issue of Clinics in Sports Medicine, guest editors Drs. Volker Musahl and Al Getgood bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Precision ACL Reconstruction. Top experts in the field cover key topics such as the timing of ACL surgery; non-operative ACL injury treatment; avoiding graft failure: lessons learned from the STABILITY trial; the role of osteotomy in ACL reconstruction; revision ACL reconstruction and associated procedures; and more. Contains 15 relevant, practice-oriented topics including comprehensive clinical examination of ACL injury; value-based sustainable ACL surgery; complications in ACL surgery and how to avoid them; evaluation of outcomes after ACL reconstruction; rehabilitation and return to sport after ACL reconstruction; and more. Provides in-depth clinical reviews on precision ACL reconstruction, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.

Current Concepts in ACL Reconstruction

Current Concepts in ACL Reconstruction
Author: Freddie H. Fu
Publisher: SLACK Incorporated
Total Pages: 468
Release: 2008
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9781556428135

From evaluation to outcome, Current Concepts in ACL Reconstruction will help you keep pace with the latest techniques for the treatment of anterior cruciate ligament injuries. This text provides the most complete and up-to-date information for the surgical reconstruction of a torn ACL including details about the newer double-bundle procedure. Both American and international perspectives on the treatment of ACL injuries are included to provide the most comprehensive review on the market today. Inside this richly illustrated text, Drs. Freddie H. Fu and Steven B. Cohen along with contributions from the world's most experienced knee surgeons review the basic science, kinematic, imaging, and injury patterns surrounding the ACL. Surgical concepts, various techniques for reconstruction, and diverse opinions on approaching the ACL are also included. Current Concepts in ACL Reconstruction explains the anatomical basis in order to provide the most current surgical principles to ensure the patient receives the best surgical outcomes. To reflect recent advancements in ACL treatment, the emerging double-bundle technique is comprehensively covered. The differences between the single- and double-bundle techniques are discussed with perspectives from leading international experts in double-bundle reconstruction. An accompanying video CD-ROM demonstrates the various procedures mentioned throughout the text. In addition, several of the world's most experienced surgeons provide their perspective from what they have learned by performing ACL surgery for over 25 years, along with their insight into the future treatment of ACL injuries. What you will want to learn more about: - Differences between single- and double-bundle reconstruction techniques - Outcomes of single- and double-bundle reconstruction - Pediatric ACL reconstruction - Gender differences in ACL injury - Radiographic imaging - Computer navigation assistance for ACL reconstruction - Injury patterns of the ACL - Graft choices in ACL surgery - Revision ACL surgery - Postoperative rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction - Outcome measures to assess success after surgery Current Concepts in ACL Reconstruction answers the need for a comprehensive information source on the treatment of ACL injuries. Orthopedic residents and surgeons will be prepared with this thorough review of ACL reconstruction by their side.

Return to Play in Football

Return to Play in Football
Author: Volker Musahl
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 965
Release: 2018-03-16
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 3662557134

In this book, leading experts employ an evidence-based approach to provide clear practical guidance on the important question of when and how to facilitate return to play after some of the most common injuries encountered in football. Detailed attention is paid to biomechanics, the female athlete, risk factors, injury prevention, current strategies and criteria for safe return to play, and future developments. Specific topics discussed in depth include concussion, anterior cruciate ligament and other knee injuries, back pathology, rotator cuff tears, shoulder instability, hip arthroscopy, and foot and ankle injuries. The chapter authors include renowned clinicians and scientists from across the world who work in the field of orthopaedics and sports medicine. Furthermore, experiences from team physicians involved in the Olympics, National Football League (NFL), Union of European Football Associations (UEFA), and Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) are shared with the reader. All who are involved in the care of injured footballers will find this book, published in cooperation with ESSKA, to be an invaluable, comprehensive, and up-to-date reference that casts light on a range of controversial issues.

Sports Injuries

Sports Injuries
Author: Mahmut Nedim Doral
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 3295
Release: 2015-06-29
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 3642365698

Sports Injuries: Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment and Rehabilitation covers the whole field of sports injuries and is an up-to-date guide for the diagnosis and treatment of the full range of sports injuries. The work pays detailed attention to biomechanics and injury prevention, examines the emerging treatment role of current strategies and evaluates sports injuries of each part of musculoskeletal system. In addition, pediatric sports injuries, extreme sports injuries, the role of physiotherapy, and future developments are extensively discussed. All those who are involved in the care of patients with sports injuries will find this textbook to be an invaluable, comprehensive, and up-to-date reference.

Raising the Bar

Raising the Bar
Author: Mathew Failla
Publisher:
Total Pages: 142
Release: 2016
Genre: Anterior cruciate ligament
ISBN: 9781369351613

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a transformative and demoralizing knee injury commonly affecting athletes who participate in activities where jumping, cutting, and pivoting maneuvers are frequently used. Emerging outcomes research suggests recovery after ACL injury is more vexed than previously thought. Many athletes continue to experience less than normal knee function despite modern advances in arthroscopic surgical technology, various graft options, and the development of rehabilitation standards. Merely reconstructing the ligamentous tear does not guarantee return to previous level of function, return to previous activity or activity level, and does not prevent post-traumatic osteoarthritis development. While factors such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI), graft type, concomitant injury, and surgical variables are associated with altered outcomes; these factors are non-modifiable to rehabilitation professionals. Establishing modifiable factors associated with outcomes after ACL injury and ACLR can lead to the potential to impact standards of care and rehabilitation protocols to impede poor outcomes in the future. Pre-operative rehabilitation has been shown to lead to improved outcomes following ACLR. The addition of pre-operative milestones prior to undergoing ACLR have been used to reduce negative outcomes, such as arthrofibrosis and quadriceps strength weakness. The purpose of this work is to examine the effects of pre-operative rehabilitation on improving outcomes 2 years after ACLR, examining pre- and early post-operative modifiable factors that are related to 2 year outcomes, and explore second injury rates and predictors in a cohort that underwent extended pre-operative rehabilitation. Athletes with ACL injury who underwent ACLR served as subjects for this work. Athletes completed demographic, clinical, functional, and patient-reported outcome measures before and after an extended program of pre-operative rehabilitation. Subjects returned at 6 months and 24 months after reconstruction for follow-up testing. Second injury rates and successful or unsuccessful outcomes assessment was completed at 2 year follow-up. The addition of extended pre-operative training was associated with higher functional outcome scores at 2 years after reconstruction. Besides improving outcomes, waiting until completion of the extended pre-operative rehabilitation to perform a screening battery resulted in a more robust prediction of function 2 years after ACLR. Clinical and functional measures that are modifiable to rehabilitation specialists successfully predicted 2 year function as well as successful or unsuccessful outcome following ACLR. The benefits of additional rehabilitation and higher standards are evident throughout this work. Raising the bar of pre-operative strength, functional performance, and patient-reported outcome scores was associated with higher functional scores 2 years after ACLR. This highlights the importance of achieving higher clinical and functional standards before undergoing ACLR. In addition, the need to achieve higher standards of function early after ACLR features the importance of progressive post-operative protocols and utilizing objective measures to identify those at increased risk of poorer outcomes or second ACL injury. No matter the time-point, success was associated with higher clinical and functional outcomes further perpetuating the importance of rehabilitation in improving outcomes.