This book represents the proceedings of a conference held at Kobe University, that brought together some of the world's leading researchers in the field of transportation planning and policy. It contains a compendium of papers representing state-of-the-art research on topics of competition and regulation and system structure in air and maritime transportation. This book is a valuable resource for researchers and others who can use it as a starting point for advancing the state of knowledge in important topics of transportation systems management. It can also serve as a textbook for an advanced graduate course in transportation, economics, or public policy as applied to maritime transportation and air transportation. As such it is the first text of its kind.