Who the original translators of the Old Testament Peshitta were still remains a mystery, at least in part because only internal evidence is available. This study proposes a method to exploit such internal evidence using a target-oriented approach to translation research. This method differentiates types of decisions a translator makes when compelled by language difference from those intentional strategies used by a translator when there are multiple non-compulsory decisions from which to choose. Through a study of non-obligatory strategies, patterns emerge from the translation that reveal the norms which govern the translation process. The strategies used by the translator are characterized as either grammatical and syntactical, semantic, or pragmatic. This study uses many examples from the Peshitta XII to illustrate and explain the different strategies within each of the three categories of non-obligatory strategies. Norms that govern the translator can be derived from the regular use of many of the strategies in chapters 1-3. Chapter 4 examines the internal evidence for specific types of norms that exist in the Peshitta XII. After establishing several of the norms that exist in the production of the translation of the Peshitta XII, this chapter then examines what should be considered an error of translation. Errors of translation are explained in conjunction with respective translation norms, demonstrating the translator's inconsistency with established norms. Many examples are given with commentary that demonstrate several places where the translator miscomprehends the source text. The translator seems to have had familiarity with other texts in the production of the text, whether this was the LXX, other portions of the Peshitta Old Testament, or the tradition that produced the Targum. A target-oriented approach to translation studies using the categories of norms and strategies provides a fruitful method for future research on other books of the Peshitta. The collation of these different studies in the future will provide fertile ground for reaping meaningful data about the translators of the Peshitta (e.g., how many, proficiency, and perhaps even details of their faiths and cultures). This study aims to clarify the methodology for such a study and to become a tool for facilitating interdisciplinary research amongst researchers of different types of translated works of antiquity.