In recent years, variations in petroleum prices, gas supply cutoffs and concerns about climate change have combined to place energy security back on the international political agenda. The topic is relevant to transatlantic relations because the developed economies of North America and Europe are significant consumers of energy, a large portion of which comes from outside the region. How they choose to manage energy is not only a technical, but a political question. The fact that a larger percentage of energy used in this region comes from outside of it adds foreign policy complexity. This project focused on European and American energy vulnerabilities and the implications for international affairs, with a particular emphasis on the nexus between energy issues and human rights policy. This project focused on the area of human rights because of the traditional role Europe and the U.S. have played as supporters of international human rights measures. If they were less active on these issues for fear of angering energy suppliers, then that would have a deleterious effect on overall human rights policies. The project asks, what are the energy vulnerabilities of the United States and Europe? How do these vulnerabilities affect their willingness to advance human rights issues in energy producing countries? Might a change in energy consumption patterns not only be good for the environment, but also have the added benefit of permitting the U.S. and Europe to be more active on human rights issues? Chapters consider how energy dependencies affect political relations including European relations with Russian, U.S. relations with the Middle East, and China's relations with Africa as well as options for changing energy use. The Johns Hopkins University Center for Transatlantic Relations (CTR), based at the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS), and the Environmental Policy Research Center at the Freie Universitt Berlin's Department of Political and Social Sciences convened a conference in Washington, D.C., on February 11-12, 2008, to examine these questions. Presenters and other experts developed their ideas into chapters for an edited volume. On the eve of new and revitalized deliberations on energy and climate change, this volume provides insights into the legacy of long-standing debates and how change in energy usage might affect international human rights issues. The book addresses these themes with Book jacket.