Toxicology of the Skin

Toxicology of the Skin
Author: Nancy A. Monteiro-Riviere
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 452
Release: 2010-02-17
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1420079182

This key volume of the Target Organ Toxicology Series provides a fresh and modern approach to the subject of skin toxicology from the perspective of how the skin forms a barrier that protects the body from the external environment and how chemicals and drugs interact with the barrier properties of the skin. Any defects or perturbations to this barr

Principles and Practice of Skin Toxicology

Principles and Practice of Skin Toxicology
Author: Robert Chilcott
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 392
Release: 2008-07-31
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0470773081

Written by authorities in the field, this book provides a “bottom up” approach to studying skin toxicology. Principles and Practice of Skin Toxicology clearly outlines basic concepts, cites historical and modern references and contains a dictionary for easy reference. The inclusion of global legislation and regulatory aspects on the topic makes this a comprehensive review for every practitioner, clinical researcher in industry and academia, and MSc and PhD student of toxicology. Different sections cover skin structure and function, principles and measurement of skin absorption, clinical aspects of dermal toxicity and in vitro alternatives. A section on regulatory and legislative aspects includes case studies from the UK that fulfill European Union and US FDA requirements. A glossary provides definitions of technical terms, and the chapters contain an introduction, learning boxes and summary section for ease of use. Includes a chapter on drug delivery through the skin. Addresses risk assessment: a key area for the interpretation of skin absorption data that is rarely covered.

Dermal Absorption and Toxicity Assessment

Dermal Absorption and Toxicity Assessment
Author: Michael S. Roberts
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 704
Release: 2007-12-14
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0849375924

The source Dermal Absorption and Toxicity Assessment supplies a state-of-the-art overview of the dermal absorption process, and is divided into six well organized sections. Written by internationally recognized experts in the field, this Second Edition is a complete revised and updated text, covering the wide range of methods used to assess skin ab

Veterans at Risk

Veterans at Risk
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 448
Release: 1993-02-01
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 030904832X

Recently, World War II veterans have come forward to claim compensation for health effects they say were caused by their participation in chemical warfare experiments. In response, the Veterans Administration asked the Institute of Medicine to study the issue. Based on a literature review and personal testimony from more than 250 affected veterans, this new volume discusses in detail the development and chemistry of mustard agents and Lewisite followed by interesting and informative discussions about these substances and their possible connection to a range of health problems, from cancer to reproductive disorders. The volume also offers an often chilling historical examination of the use of volunteers in chemical warfare experiments by the U.S. militaryâ€"what the then-young soldiers were told prior to the experiments, how they were "encouraged" to remain in the program, and how they were treated afterward. This comprehensive and controversial book will be of importance to policymakers and legislators, military and civilian planners, officials at the Department of Veterans Affairs, military historians, and researchers.

Wildlife Toxicity Assessments for Chemicals of Military Concern

Wildlife Toxicity Assessments for Chemicals of Military Concern
Author: Marc Williams
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 725
Release: 2015-05-21
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0128004800

Wildlife Toxicity Assessments for Chemicals of Military Concern is a compendium of chemical-specific toxicity information with discussions on the rationale and development of Wildlife Toxicity Reference Values (TRVs) intended for use on terrestrial wildlife for risk assessment applications. Substances covered include military-related chemicals including explosives, propellants, pesticides and metals. Wildlife Toxicity Assessments for Chemicals of Military Concern is a much-needed resource designed to meet the needs of those seeking toxicological information for ecological risk assessment purposes. Each chapter targets a specific chemical and considers the current knowledge of the toxicological impacts of chemicals to terrestrial wildlife including mammalian, avian, amphibian and reptilian species. - Provides detailed information on how Wildlife Toxicity Values (TRVs) for military chemicals of concern are derived and evaluated. - Covers wildlife toxicity assessments of explosives, metals and environmental chemicals. - Compiles relevant information on the environmental effects of chemicals on wildlife in relation to public and environmental health.

Monitoring Human Tissues for Toxic Substances

Monitoring Human Tissues for Toxic Substances
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 224
Release: 1991-02-01
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0309044375

The National Human Monitoring Program (NHMP) identifies concentrations of specific chemicals in human tissues, including toxicologic testing and risk assessment determinations. This volume evaluates the current activities of the NHMP; identifies important scientific, technical, and programmatic issues; and makes recommendations regarding the design of the program and use of its products.

Skin Permeation and Disposition of Therapeutic and Cosmeceutical Compounds

Skin Permeation and Disposition of Therapeutic and Cosmeceutical Compounds
Author: Kenji Sugibayashi
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 410
Release: 2017-11-28
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 4431565264

This book reviews skin permeation and disposition of chemical compounds. Skin is utilized as an administration site for transdermal drug delivery systems, topical drug formulations, cosmeceuticals, and cosmetics. Their usefulness is closely related to the permeation and disposition of entrapped active ingredients through and into the skin. Skin permeation, disposition, and metabolism of chemicals are first summarized in the general introduction. Then primary topical formulations are explained in the second part, “Basic Formulations Applied to Skin”. The explanation for the active compounds and formulations are of the most important parts required to fabricate these formulations. Skin absorption of chemicals is generally much lower than oral and the other mucosal absorptions, so that skin-penetration enhancement is a key issue to have good formulations topically applied. Part 3 presents “Skin Penetration Enhancement”. In addition, Part 4, “Selection of Topically Applied Chemical Candidates”, deals with selection methods of topically applied ingredients for transdermal drug delivery systems, topical drug formulations, cosmeceuticals, and cosmetics. Parts 5 and 6, “Safety Assessment of Topically Applied Compounds“ and “Experimental Methods of Skin Permeation“, respectively, show safety issues and experimental methods for topical formulations. The final part consists of comments on therapeutic and cosmetic formulations by medical doctors and pharmacists. Their comments are especially helpful for pharmaceutical and cosmetic researchers who study dermatopharmacokinetics and topical formulations. This volume is particularly useful for those working in R&D, graduate students, and educators in the area of pharmaceutics, cosmetic sciences, dermatological sciences, pharmacology, toxicology, biopharmacy, pharmacokinetics, physical pharmacy, chemical engineering, and related fields.

Dermal Absorption Models in Toxicology and Pharmacology

Dermal Absorption Models in Toxicology and Pharmacology
Author: Jim E. Riviere
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 392
Release: 2005-08-24
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9780203020821

Many experimental methods and mathematical modeling approaches rooted in disciplines outside of toxicology can be effectively applied to estimating dermal absorption. Dermal Absorption Models in Toxicology and Pharmacology explores current approaches and techniques that can be used to quantify dermal absorption with endpoints useful in both toxicology and pharmacology. The book begins with a review of basic principles and the in vitro and in vivo experimental approaches available for assessing dermal absorption of drugs and chemicals. This is followed by coverage of mathematical or in silico models for quantitating percutaneous absorption and the applications of these techniques to the risk assessment process. The remainder of the book explores scenarios where the unique properties of the chemicals being studied or the matrix in which they are exposed must be considered and then wraps up with a comparative analysis of chemical permeability in human and animal skin. Many of the books covering this subject are just too comprehensive and serve primarily as reference works. This book takes a different approach. Jim Riviere's editorial guidance ensures that the information is readable, accessible, authoritative, and concise, making it the perfect resource for familiarizing new researchers and students to the field and updating established scientists.

Tattooed Skin and Health

Tattooed Skin and Health
Author: J. Serup
Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
Total Pages: 270
Release: 2015-03-26
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 3318027774

With about 10–20% of the adult population in Europe being tattooed, there is a strong demand for publications discussing the various issues related to tattooed skin and health. Until now, only a few scientific studies on tattooing have been published. This book discusses different aspects of the various medical risks associated with tattoos, such as allergic reactions from red tattoos, papulo-nodular reactions from black tattoos as well as technical and psycho-social complications, in addition to bacterial and viral infections. Further sections are dedicated to the composition of tattoo inks, and a case is made for the urgent introduction of national and international regulations. Distinguished authors, all specialists in their particular fields, have contributed to this publication which provides a comprehensive view of the health implications associated with tattooing. The book covers a broad range of topics that will be of interest to clinicians and nursing staff, toxicologists and regulators as well as laser surgeons who often face the challenge of having to remove tattoos, professional tattooists and producers of tattoo ink.

Skin Microbiome Handbook

Skin Microbiome Handbook
Author: Nava Dayan
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 432
Release: 2020-09-01
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1119592232

The book provides a comprehensive detailed summary of current status on skin microbiome research in health and disease as well as key regulatory and legal aspects. In the past decade, interest and technology have greatly advanced to unravel the nature and effect of skin microbiome on our health. Diseases such as atopic dermatitis and acne are at the forefront of this research, but also other conditions such as skin cancer are under investigation. In addition, mapping of the skin microbiome has gone from basic to more detailed with attempts to correlate it to various ages, ethnicities and genders. In parallel to mapping it, a great deal of research is dedicated to understanding its functionality and communication (and hence effect) on human cells. The Skin Microbiome Handbook is a summary of current status of knowledge, research tools and approaches in skin microbiome, in health and disease. It contains the following categories: healthy skin microbiome and oral-skin interaction; skin microbiome observational research; skin microbiome in disequilibrium and disease; skin's innate immunity; testing and study design; regulatory and legal aspects for skin microbiome related products. The 18 chapters of the book are written by carefully selected leaders in the academia and industry exhibiting extensive experience and understanding in the areas of interest.