Tools for Assessing the O & M Status of Water Supply and Sanitation in Developing Countries

Tools for Assessing the O & M Status of Water Supply and Sanitation in Developing Countries
Author: World Health Organization
Publisher: World Health Organisation (Who)
Total Pages: 46
Release: 2000-01
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9789241597630

Sets out a managerial framework, supported by specific assessment tools, for measuring and evaluating the status of operation and maintenance of water supply and sanitation services. Noting that problems with operation and maintenance have long been recognized as key constraints to sustainability, the book aims to encourage professional staff in utilities, local governments, and nongovernmental organizations to undertake performance assessments and use the results to introduce improvements. The book also aims to convince policy-makers that investments in water supply and sanitation will be optimized when management strategies give operation and maintenance a high profile. The assessment tools described can be applied to a wide range of activities carried out by utilities, governments, and communities in both rural and urban settings. The book has two parts. The first introduces the concepts of monitoring and evaluation and explains how performance indicators can be used to expose problems and then formulate policies and plans which either correct the problems or avoid them. Part one also describes the advantages and limitations of three systems for the management of operation and maintenance: centrally managed systems, the community managed approach, and household managed systems. Part one concludes with a list of management constraints that must be addressed before tools for improving specific aspects of performance can be applied. Against this background, the second and most extensive part presents nine tools for assessing the operation and maintenance status of water supply and sanitation. The tools, which are presented as a series of steps, can be used to establish objectives, develop a framework for performance measurement, carry out the measurement and reporting of performance, and prepare and implement action plans. Particular attention is given to the use of 40 carefully selected performance indicators, which are set out in a series of tables supported by explanatory notes.

Tools for Assessing the O and M Status of Water Supply and Sanitation in Developing Countries

Tools for Assessing the O and M Status of Water Supply and Sanitation in Developing Countries
Author: World Health Organisation Staff
Publisher:
Total Pages: 50
Release: 2001-04-12
Genre:
ISBN: 9780119866797

Problems with the operation and maintenance of water supply and sanitation have long been recognised as key constraints to the sustainability of these services. In order to address these problems In both urban and rural areas of developing countries, this document proposes a framework for management and tools for evaluating performance.

Tools for Sustainable Operation and Maintenance of Urban Infrastructure

Tools for Sustainable Operation and Maintenance of Urban Infrastructure
Author: Andrew Cotton
Publisher: WEDC, Loughborough University
Total Pages: 39
Release: 2002
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 1843800160

This booklet is a supplement to the WHO monograph Tools for assessing the O&M status of water supply and sanitation in developing countries which comprises nine tools for measuring and evaluating the effectiveness of operations and maintenance (O&M) of water supply and sanitation services. The WHO tools are: Tool 1: Effectiveness of the O&M management system. Tool 2: Guidelines for an audit of O&M. Tool 3: A framework for assessing the status of O&M. Tool 4: Guidelines on O&M performance evaluation. Tool 5: Guidelines on O&M performance reporting. Tool 6: Guidelines for the selection of performance indicators. Tool 7: Performance indicators for water supply and sanitation. Tool 8: Potential information sources. Tool 9: Participatory information-gathering. Tool 7 suggests performance indicators which are specific to water supply and sanitation; all other tools are generic and apply equally to any other of the urban services. Tool 7A has been produced as a supplement to Tool 7 which provides some indicators in relation to these other urban services. On inspection of Tools 7 and 7A, however, it can be seen that it is relatively straightforward to develop equivalent performance indicators oneself for one's own use. An additional Tool 10 has also been prepared to offer advice on indicators for technical, financial and institutional sustainability.

The United Nations World Water Development Report 3

The United Nations World Water Development Report 3
Author: World Water Assessment Programme
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 346
Release: 2012-05-23
Genre: Nature
ISBN: 1136551603

The United Nations World Water Development Report, published every three years, is a comprehensive review providing an authoritative picture of the state of the world's freshwater resources. It offers best practices as well as in-depth theoretical analyses to help stimulate ideas and actions for better stewardship in the water sector. It is the only report of its kind, resulting from the collaboration and contributions of the 26 UN agencies, commissions, program, funds, secretariats and conventions that have a significant role in addressing global water concerns. The news media are full of talk of crises - in climate change, energy and food and troubled financial markets. These crises are linked to each other and to water resources management. Unresolved, they may lead to increasing political insecurity and conflict. Water is required to meet our fundamental needs and rising living standards and to sustain our planet‘s fragile ecosystems. Pressures on the resource come from a growing and mobile population, social and cultural change, economic development and technological change. Adding complexity and risk is climate change, with impacts on the resource as well as on the sources of pressure on water. The challenges, though substantial, are not insurmountable. The Report shows how some countries have responded. Progress in providing drinking water is heartening, with the Millennium Development Goal target on track in most regions. But other areas remain unaddressed, and after decades of inaction, the problems in water systems are enormous and will worsen if left unattended. Leaders in the water sector can inform decisions outside their domain and manage water resources to achieve agreed socioeconomic objectives and environmental integrity. Leaders in government, the private sector and civil society determine these objectives and allocate human and financial resources to meet them. Recognizing this responsibility, they must act now! Two volume set: 336

Scarcity, Entitlements, and the Economics of Water in Developing Countrie

Scarcity, Entitlements, and the Economics of Water in Developing Countrie
Author: P. B. Anand
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Total Pages: 321
Release: 2010-01-01
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1847208541

. . . it will provide a fascinating and stimulating read for researchers, students and academics with an interest in water economics and public policy. Practitioners focusing on water management, sustainable development, water supply and health will also find this book invaluable. CABI Those seeking an informed overview of the social and economic aspects of water issues in developing contexts today would do well to read P.B. Anand s book. Scarcity, Entitlements and the Economics of Water in Developing Countries is extensive covering local, sub-national and international aspects of water scarcity, the human right to water, transboundary water disputes and progress on the Millennium Development Goals. . . It will be of interest to water resource managers, urban water and sanitation policy-makers, international donors, and students of environmental justice, water issues, and development more broadly. . . Anand s book is recommended as useful and interesting reading primarily for its broad range and interdisciplinary approach. Mark Zeitoun, Waterlines In this creative study Anand applies environmental economic tools and concepts to analyze water issues in developing countries. . . The author carefully integrates the poverty, inequality, and development issues of water; and he meticulously discusses the intertwined rivalrous and excludable public good characteristics of water supply. . . Highly recommended. B.F. Hope, Choice The book eloquently illustrates the economics of water and how economics can increase the understanding of topics such as water inequalities and the role of institutions. It convincingly explores and explains water scarcity, supply and demand to demystify water topics. It commendably presents different views and interpretations on contentious water topics such as large-scale dams, transboundary water and privatization of household water supply. In particular, the conceptual framework is helpful in illuminating the interface between water and well-being. The book contains several case studies and water multi-sectors, such as dams, water supply and sanitation and water resources and appeals to a wide readership interested in various water topics and their implementation. Håkan Tropp, Stockholm International Water Institute (SIWI), Sweden The author has sought to weave diverse strands of water policy in developing countries into a coherent framework. A multi country database is used to make the point that scarcity is not the absolute lack of water, but the result of policy and management failure. The sustainable access to drinking water, one of the targets of the Millennium Development Goals, as well as consumer preferences for water supply are illustrated with data from the author s research in Chennai, a chronically water starved Indian city. Resolution of conflict in a river basin is analysed using the case of the Cauvery, an interstate river in India. All these themes are brought together using Sen s Capability approach to highlight the fact that water policy is not a technocratic exercise but a matter of justice and entitlements. Water managers, academicians and civil society groups will benefit from reflecting on the important issues raised by Dr Anand in this book. Paul Appasamy, Madras School of Economics Anand s book discusses in detail the economics of water and how societies deal with this scarce resource. The complexities of water as highlighted in his book have previously been little explored in any standard economic development textbook. Anand presents a fascinating framework on water and well-being by linking water and the capability approach. It is a must read for all those dealing with water issues in particular and development issues in general. Naren Prasad, United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD), Switzerland This is a very thorough analysis of water s critical role as both a basic human need and an economic good. It is unlikely to be surpassed for so

Assessment Framework for Urban Water Security

Assessment Framework for Urban Water Security
Author: Hassan Tolba Aboelnga
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Total Pages: 186
Release: 2021-01-01
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 3737609608

Urban water security is crucial for achieving sustainable development, peace, and human health and well-being. Framing urban water security is challenging due to the complexity and uncertainty of its definition and assessment framework. Several studies have assessed water security in widely divergent ways by granting priority indicators equal weight without considering or adapting to local conditions. This dissertation develops a new urban water security definition and assessment framework applicable to water scarce cities, with a focus on Madaba, Jordan. It takes a novel and systematic approach to assessing urban water security and culminates in integrated urban water security index (IUWSI) as a diagnostic tool and guide management actions. The dissertation suggests a new working definition of urban water security based on the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goal 6.1 on safe drinking water for all and the human rights on water and sanitation as follows: The dynamic capacity of water systems and stakeholders to safeguard sustainable and equitable access to water of adequate quantity and acceptable quality that is continuously, physically and legally available at an affordable cost for sustaining livelihoods, human well-being and socioeconomic development, ensuring protection against waterborne pollution and water-related disasters, and for preserving ecosystems in a climate of peace and political stability. This proposed definition captures issues at the urban level of technical, environmental and socioeconomic indicators that emphasize credibility, legitimacy and salience. The assessment framework establishes a criteria hierarchy, consisting of four main dimensions to achieve urban water security: drinking water and human well-being, ecosystem, climate change and water-related hazards and socioeconomic aspects (together, DECS). The framework enables the analysis of relationships and trade-offs between urbanization, water security and DECS indicators. The dissertation also provides a structured analysis to understand how urban water is managed in intermittent water supply system, by conducting a water balance analysis after quantifying the components of water losses in Madaba’s water distribution network. The findings showed that Madaba's non-revenue water (NRW) amounted to annual loss of about 3.5 million m3, corresponding to financial losses of 2.8 million USD to the utility, of which 1.7 million USD is the cost of real losses. The dissertation provided an intervention strategy for strengthening infrastructure resilience and reducing leakage via the infrastructure, repair, economic, awareness and pressure (IREAP) framework. The IREAP framework provides a robust strategy to shift intermittent water supply (IWS) into continuous water supply. The IUWSI highlighted the state of water security in Madaba, Jordan and identified the means of implementation to move towards achieving urban water security based on the priorities for Madaba. The drinking water and human wellbeing dimension was the most important priority, receiving a weight of 66.22%, followed by ecosystem (17.15%), socioeconomic aspects (10.18%), and climate change and water-related hazards (6.45%) dimensions. The IUWSI indicated that the urban water security in Madaba is reasonable with a score of 2.5/5 and can meet the minimum requirements in several dimensions, but nonetheless, it has many loopholes to cover. Gaps are clear in the climate change and water-related hazards, and socioeconomic dimensions with scores of 1.6/5 and 2.237/5 respectively. Additionally, specific shortcomings are found in indicators such as water availability, reliability, diversity, and public health. The IUWSI framework assists with a rational and evidence-based decision-making process, which is important for enhancing water resource management in water-scarce cities

Progress on Sanitation and Drinking Water : 2015 Update and MDG Assessment

Progress on Sanitation and Drinking Water : 2015 Update and MDG Assessment
Author:
Publisher: World Health Organization
Total Pages: 90
Release: 2015-10-02
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9241509147

Despite significant progress in water and sanitation much still remains to be done. This report shows how the world has changed since 1990. It provides an assessment of progress towards the MDG target and insight into the remaining challenges. Section A provides an overview of progress against the parameters specified in the MDG target for water and sanitation in both urban and rural areas. It presents data for the world as a whole and compares progress across regions. The report goes on to examine trends over the MDG period by region and by level of service. It pays particular attention to the numbers of people who have gained the highest level of service in drinking water supply - piped water on premises - and those with no service at all who use surface water for drinking and practice open defecation. In order to understand the nature of progress it is important to look carefully at the way improvements in water and sanitation have benefited different socioeconomic groups. This report sheds light on equality gaps between urban and rural dwellers and between the richest and poorest segments of the population. It presents several new ways to visualize progress on extending service to the poor designed to reveal the nature of inequalities and give the reader insight into the great challenge that still exists in ensuring that progress reaches everyone. The JMP was established in 1990 and is celebrating its Jubilee Year in 2015. Section B provides a retrospective analysis of the evolution of water sanitation and hygiene monitoring over the past 25 years.