This book gives readers an in-depth and up-to-date account of India’s external and internal threats in a deteriorating global security environment. It shows that while partnerships with some countries have strengthened, anxieties persist with others such as China and Pakistan. Similarly, India has not been able to cope with the challenges of internal security emerging from violence in Kashmir, insurgency in the north-east, to mention a few. Problems of global terrorism and global warming stare us in the face. Tensions between major powers, threats and counter-threats between major and middle powers, and international hotspots like Georgia and Afghanistan remind us that there is intense competition for strategic space. India as an upcoming power is treading its path carefully and is developing meaningful partnerships with all major powers. China’s reluctance to proceed further in resolving the boundary dispute with India, its reported incursions on the borders and its rapid military modernisation has caused anxiety in India. India is nevertheless upgrading its military capability to meet any Chinese threat. Pakistan’s lack of adequate action in punishing those responsible for the 26/11 Mumbai terrorist attack and its reluctance to destroy the infrastructure of terrorism in Pakistan has put a question mark on the future of India Pakistan relations. These and various other threats and challenges are discussed in this volume, latest in a unique series with contributions from academics, political commentators and military personnel.