Thermodynamics, Solubility and Environmental Issues

Thermodynamics, Solubility and Environmental Issues
Author: Trevor Letcher
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 494
Release: 2007-04-20
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0080481035
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Environmental problems are becoming an important aspect of our lives as industries grow apace with populations throughout the world. Thermodynamics, Solubility and Environmental Issues highlights some of the problems and shows how chemistry can help to reduce these them. The unifying theme is Solubility – the most basic and important of thermodynamic properties. This informative book looks at the importance and applications of solubility and thermodynamics, in understanding and in reducing chemical pollution in the environment. Written by experts in their respective fields and representing the latest findings in this very important and broad area. A collection of twenty-five chapters cover a wide range of topics including; mining, polymer manufacture and applications, radioactive wastes, industries in general, agro-chemicals, soil pollution and biology, together with the basic theory and recent developments in the modelling of environmental pollutants. - Latest research into solving some of the most important environmental problems - Covering new technologies, new chemicals and new processes eg, biodegradable polymers, ionic liquids and green chemistry - Contains the basic theories and underlying importance of solubility

Chemistry and the Environment

Chemistry and the Environment
Author: Sven E. Harnung
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 446
Release: 2012-08-27
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1139536710
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This textbook presents the chemistry of the environment using the full strength of physical, inorganic and organic chemistry, in addition to the necessary mathematics and physics. It provides a broad yet thorough description of the environment and the environmental impact of human activity using scientific principles. It gives an accessible account while paying attention to the fundamental basis of the science, showing derivations of formulas and giving primary references and historical insight. The authors make consistent use of professionally accepted nomenclature (IUPAC and SI), allowing transparent access to the material by students and scientists from other fields. This textbook has been developed through many years of feedback from students and colleagues. It includes more than 400 online student exercises that have been class tested and refined. The book will be invaluable in environmental chemistry courses for advanced undergraduate and graduate students and professionals in chemistry and allied fields.

Herbicides and Environment

Herbicides and Environment
Author: Andreas Kortekamp
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Total Pages: 764
Release: 2011-01-08
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9533074760
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Herbicides are much more than just weed killers. They may exhibit beneficial or adverse effects on other organisms. Given their toxicological, environmental but also agricultural relevance, herbicides are an interesting field of activity not only for scientists working in the field of agriculture. It seems that the investigation of herbicide-induced effects on weeds, crop plants, ecosystems, microorganisms, and higher organism requires a multidisciplinary approach. Some important aspects regarding the multisided impacts of herbicides on the living world are highlighted in this book. I am sure that the readers will find a lot of helpful information, even if they are only slightly interested in the topic.

Environmental Assessment of Patagonia's Water Resources

Environmental Assessment of Patagonia's Water Resources
Author: Américo Iadran Torres
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 344
Release: 2022-01-15
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3030896765
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This book presents contributions devoted to the hydrogeochemical characterization of aquatic environments of Patagonia, including those of Ushuaia city, known as "The southernmost city in the world". Patagonia (between 39° and 55° S) is located in southern South America. Eight main river systems pour their waters into the SW Atlantic Ocean. Rivers, with their headwaters mainly located in the Andes, supply dissolved and particulate matter to the coastal zone, as well as nutrients, which benefit biological communities. Besides, freshwater in this region with little anthropogenic impact supports human life and a high wildlife biodiversity. Unfortunately, the recent increase in human activities, such as the use of fertilizers, wastewater discharges, extensive deforestation and dam construction, is affecting the quality and quantity of water resources. The book is of interest for researchers, professors and government agencies that decide on water resources management policies.

Fundamental and Biomedical Aspects of Redox Processes

Fundamental and Biomedical Aspects of Redox Processes
Author: Duca, Gheorghe
Publisher: IGI Global
Total Pages: 524
Release: 2023-06-01
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1668472007
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Redox processes represent a major advancement in water treatment technology and have other applications across environmental and technological contexts. Redox processes must be studied further to ensure they are utilized appropriately. Fundamental and Biomedical Aspects of Redox Processes accumulates new knowledge regarding the essence of the oxidation-reduction processes, the justification of key mechanisms, and the discovery of new aspects of methods of controlling redox reactions. Covering key topics such as wastewater treatment, soil, natural waters, and chemistry, this reference work is ideal for industry professionals, scientists, researchers, academicians, scholars, practitioners, instructors, and students.

Microbial Biosurfactants

Microbial Biosurfactants
Author: Inamuddin
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 318
Release: 2021-01-23
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9811566070
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Microbial biosurfactant compounds are a group of structurally diverse molecules produced by microorganisms, and are mainly categorized according to their chemical structure. The diversity of microbial biosurfactants makes them versatile and means that they offer a range of capabilities, while at the same time being economically sustainable. As such, they have potential applications in environmental processes, as well as in food, biomedicine and other industries. This book discusses innovative approaches and cutting-edge research that utilize the various properties of biosurfactants. Drawing on research from around the globe, it provides an up-to-date review of biosurfactant applications and their importance in fields such as medicine, gene therapy, immunotherapy, antimicrobial bioremediation and agriculture. It also discusses their anti-adhesive properties. The book will appeal to academics and researchers in the field of microbiology, as well as policymakers. It also serves as additional reading material for undergraduate and graduate students of agriculture, ecology, soil science, and environmental sciences.

Gasoline Additives

Gasoline Additives
Author: Vahid Pirouzfar
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Total Pages: 110
Release: 2022-10-24
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 311099996X
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Gasoline – the most common petroleum product comes in several types or grades. Straight-run gasoline is generated solely by crude oil distillation. Crack gasoline, derived by thermal or catalytic breaking of heavier oil fractions, accounts for the majority of gasoline used in automobile and aviation. Straight-run gasoline, fractured gasoline, reformed and synthetic gasoline, and additives are used to create a wide range of gasoline kinds.

Pesticide Toxicology and Risk Assessment

Pesticide Toxicology and Risk Assessment
Author: Muneeb U. Rehman
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 301
Release: 2024-05-29
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1003858910
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With the emergence of new pesticide combinations and application methods, assessing their potential risks to non-target organisms and human well-being becomes paramount. Pesticide Toxicology and Risk Assessment focuses on the need and strategies for safe and efficient use of pesticides. It offers insights from toxicogenomics, enabling an understanding of the genetic and epigenetic factors influencing human susceptibility to chemical toxicity, thereby quantifying their impacts. This book underscores the significance of risk assessment methodologies considering real-time variables influencing pesticide exposure to the environment and humans. It provides comprehensive details about models designed to evaluate risks across a spectrum of scenarios, from worst-case to real-time situations, while outlining strategies to mitigate these risks proactively. Furthermore, this book delves into the critical need for conducting field studies, particularly in addressing innovative combinations and application techniques. Key Features: • Covers toxicogenomic insights, delving into genetic and epigenetic impacts on human susceptibility to chemical toxicity • Provides insight into necessary field studies for new pesticide approaches • Aids pesticide manufacturers with risk assessment and effective formulation insights As an aid for regulatory bodies, the book facilitates the evaluation of risks linked to both established and innovative pesticides, promoting informed decisions on usage by integrating risk reduction approaches. Simultaneously, it serves as a valuable guide for pesticide manufacturers, offering insights into using risk assessment tools to develop secure and effective pesticide blends. This guidance expedites the introduction of novel pesticides that are efficient and safe for various applications.

Handbook of Solvents, Volume 2

Handbook of Solvents, Volume 2
Author: George Wypych
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 819
Release: 2024-02-11
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1774670437
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This 4th edition of Handbook of Solvents, Volume 2, contains the most comprehensive information ever published on solvents as well as an extensive analysis of the principles of solvent selection and use. The book begins with a discussion of solvents used in over 30 industries which are the main consumers of solvents. The analysis is conducted based on the available data and contains information on the types (and frequently amounts) of solvents used and potential problems and solutions. Picking up where Handbook of Solvents, Volume 1 leaves off, Handbook of Solvents Volume 2 provides information on the methods of analysis of solvents and materials containing solvents, with 2 sections containing standard and special methods of solvent analysis, followed by a discussion of residual solvents left in the final products. The environmental impact of solvents, such as their fate and movement in the water, soil, and air, fate-based management of solvent-containing wastes, and ecotoxicological effects are discussed as are solvents' impact on tropospheric air pollution. The next 2 chapters are devoted to the toxicology of solvents and regulations aiming to keep solvent toxicity under control. The analysis of the concentration of solvents in more than 15 industries, specific issues related to the paint industry, and characteristics of the environment in automotive collision repair shops are followed by a thorough discussion of regulations in the USA and Europe. Following chapters show examples of solvent substitution by safer materials, with an emphasis on supercritical solvents, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, and agriculture-based products, such as ethyl lactate. Discussion of solvent recycling, removal, and degradation includes absorptive solvent recovery, comparison of results of recovery and incineration, and application of solar photocatalytic oxidation. The book concludes with an evaluation of methods of natural attenuation of various solvents in soils and modern methods of cleaning contaminated soils. - Assists in solvent selection by providing key information and insight on environmental and safety issues - Provides essential best practice guidance for human health consideration - Discusses the latest advances and trends in solvent technology, including modern methods of cleaning contaminated soils, selection of gloves, suits, and respirators

Poly(lactic acid)

Poly(lactic acid)
Author: Rafael A. Auras
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 692
Release: 2022-06-21
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 111976744X
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POLY(LACTIC ACID) The second edition of a key reference, fully updated to reflect new research and applications Poly(lactic acid)s – PLAs, biodegradable polymers derived from lactic acid, have become vital components of a sustainable society. Eco-friendly PLA polymers are used in numerous industrial applications ranging from packaging to medical implants and to wastewater treatment. The global PLA market is predicted to expand significantly over the next decade due to increasing demand for compostable and recyclable materials produced from renewable resources. Poly(lactic acid) Synthesis, Structures, Properties, Processing, Applications, and End of Life provides comprehensive coverage of the basic chemistry, production, and industrial use of PLA. Contributions from an international panel of experts review specific processing methods, characterization techniques, and various applications in medicine, textiles, packaging, and environmental engineering. Now in its second edition, this fully up-to-date volume features new and revised chapters on 3D printing, the mechanical and chemical recycling of PLA, PLA stereocomplex crystals, PLA composites, the environmental footprint of PLA, and more. Highlights the biodegradability, recycling, and sustainability benefits of PLA Describes processing and conversion technologies for PLA, such as injection molding, extrusion, blending, and thermoforming Covers various aspects of lactic acid/lactide monomers, including physicochemical properties and production Examines different condensation reactions and modification strategies for enhanced polymerization of PLA Discusses the thermal, rheological, and mechanical properties of PLA Addresses degradation and environmental issues of PLA, including photodegradation, radiolysis, hydrolytic degradation, biodegradation, and life cycle assessment Poly(lactic acid) Synthesis, Structures, Properties, Processing, Applications, and End of Life, Second Edition remains essential reading for polymer engineers, materials scientists, polymer chemists, chemical engineers, industry professionals using PLA, and scientists and advanced student engineers interested in biodegradable plastics.