Thermodynamics Of Rare Earth Compounds
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Rare-Earth Metal Recovery for Green Technologies
| Author | : Rajesh Kumar Jyothi |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2021-03-26 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 9783030381080 |
This book examines the development, use, extraction, and recovery of rare earth metals. Rare earth elements (REEs) occupy a key role in daily life in industrial applications. They are one of the critical elements for energy and sustainable growth. REEs are utilized in many modern electrical and electronic devices such as smart phones, computers, LED lights etc. Recovery of the REEs from secondary resources represents a way to meet the growing demand for electronic devices. Because of their rarity, utility, and importance, the recovery, utilization and recycling of rare earth metals is of utmost importance. This book presents both current methods of processing rare earths from primary and secondary sources and new, green routes for their isolation and purification. The book also addresses their utilization, re-use, reduction, and recycling policies that exist globally. Applications in metallurgy, magnets, ceramics, electronics, and chemical, optical, and nuclear technologies are discussed.
Description of Input and Examples for Phreeqc Version 3
| Author | : David L. Parkhurst |
| Publisher | : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform |
| Total Pages | : 518 |
| Release | : 2014-07-17 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 9781500563103 |
PHREEQC version 3 is a computer program written in the C and C++ programming languages that is designed to perform a wide variety of aqueous geochemical calculations. PHREEQC implements several types of aqueous models: two ion-association aqueous models (the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory model and WATEQ4F), a Pitzer specific-ion-interaction aqueous model, and the SIT (Specific ion Interaction Theory) aqueous model. Using any of these aqueous models, PHREEQC has capabilities for (1) speciation and saturation-index calculations; (2) batch-reaction and one-dimensional (1D) transport calculations with reversible and irreversible reactions, which include aqueous, mineral, gas, solid-solution, surface-complexation, and ion-exchange equilibria, and specified mole transfers of reactants, kinetically controlled reactions, mixing of solutions, and pressure and temperature changes; and (3) inverse modeling, which finds sets of mineral and gas mole transfers that account for differences in composition between waters within specified compositional uncertainty limits.
Theory and Application of Rare Earth Materials
| Author | : Changzhen Wang |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 369 |
| Release | : 2023-05-18 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 9811941785 |
This book starts with a theoretical introduction of the rare earth materials, and it subsequently analyzes the essential characteristics of these materials from elements, compounds to physical chemistry and metal materials, etc. Under the supplementary explanation of experimental data and results, the research is gradually guided into the multi-domain application scene. Through extensive analyses, this book displays comprehensively the distinguished values of the rare earth materials and the theoretical, empirical, and practical significance of rare earth materials is unraveled. It also covers an exhaustive review of 17 rare earth elements, their characteristics, and more possibilities in physical chemistry, functional materials, metallurgy, composites and engineering, and their prospects in production and technical applications. In-depth account of the whole spectrum of rare earth material research makes this book a unique reference to academic researchers, students, and engineers.
ERDA Energy Research Abstracts
| Author | : United States. Energy Research and Development Administration |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 600 |
| Release | : |
| Genre | : Medicine |
| ISBN | : |
Extractive Metallurgy of Niobium
| Author | : A.K. Suri |
| Publisher | : Routledge |
| Total Pages | : 272 |
| Release | : 2017-11-13 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1351448978 |
The growth and development witnessed today in modern science, engineering, and technology owes a heavy debt to the rare, refractory, and reactive metals group, of which niobium is a member. Extractive Metallurgy of Niobium presents a vivid account of the metal through its comprehensive discussions of properties and applications, resources and resource processing, chemical processing and compound preparation, metal extraction, and refining and consolidation. Typical flow sheets adopted in some leading niobium-producing countries for the beneficiation of various niobium sources are presented, and various chemical processes for producing pure forms of niobium intermediates such as chloride, fluoride, and oxide are discussed. The book also explains how to liberate the metal from its intermediates and describes the physico-chemical principles involved. It is an excellent reference for chemical metallurgists, hydrometallurgists, extraction and process metallurgists, and minerals processors. It is also valuable to a wide variety of scientists, engineers, technologists, and students interested in the topic.
ERDA Energy Research Abstracts
| Author | : United States. Energy Research and Development Administration. Technical Information Center |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 588 |
| Release | : 1976 |
| Genre | : Force and energy |
| ISBN | : |
CALPHAD (Calculation of Phase Diagrams): A Comprehensive Guide
| Author | : N. Saunders |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 497 |
| Release | : 1998-06-09 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 0080528430 |
This monograph acts as a benchmark to current achievements in the field of Computer Coupling of Phase Diagrams and Thermochemistry, often called CALPHAD which is an acronym for Computer CALculation of PHAse Diagrams. It also acts as a guide to both the basic background of the subject area and the cutting edge of the topic, combining comprehensive discussions of the underlying physical principles of the CALPHAD method with detailed descriptions of their application to real complex multi-component materials.Approaches which combine both thermodynamic and kinetic models to interpret non-equilibrium phase transformations are also reviewed.
New Frontiers in Rare Earth Science and Applications
| Author | : Xu Guangxian |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 838 |
| Release | : 2013-10-22 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1483259633 |
New Frontiers in Rare Earth Science and Applications, Volume II documents the proceedings of the International Conference on Rare Earth Development and Applications held in Beijing on September 10-14, 1985. This compilation discusses quenching and sensitization of rare earth luminescence, magnetic properties of rare earth intermetallics, and microcapsulated rare earth-nickel hydride-forming materials. The effect of rare earth on the quality and properties of hot-rolled steel strips and role of yttrium in heavy section spheroidal graphite cast iron are also elaborated. This book likewise covers the application of scandium oxide in an electron emission material and study on the effect of rare earth elements on the yield of wheat. This publication is beneficial to researchers and scientists conducting work in the field of earth science.
