Thermodynamic Data, Models, and Phase Diagrams in Multicomponent Oxide Systems

Thermodynamic Data, Models, and Phase Diagrams in Multicomponent Oxide Systems
Author: Olga Fabrichnaya
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 216
Release: 2013-03-14
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3662105047

This book involves application of the Calphad method for derivation of a self consistent thermodynamic database for the geologically important system Mg0- Fe0-Fe203-Alz03-Si02 at pressures and temperatures of Earth's upper mantle and the transition zone of that mantle for Earth. The created thermodynamic database reproduces phase relations at 1 bar and at pressures up to 30 GPa. The minerals are modelled by compound energy formalism, which gives realistic descriptions of their Gibbs energy and takes into account crystal structure data. It incorporates a detailed review of diverse types of experimental data which are used to derive the thermodynamic database: phase equilibria, calorimetric stud ies, and thermoelastic property measurements. The book also contains tables of thermodynamic properties at 1 bar (enthalpy and Gibbs energy of formation from the elements, entropy, and heat capacity, and equation of state data at pressures from 1 bar to 30 GPa. Mixing parameters of solid solutions are also provided by the book. Table of Contents Introduction to the Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XI Co-Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XIII Vitae of Co-Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XV CODATA Task Group on Geothermodynamic Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XXIII Chapter 1. Thermodynamics and Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1. 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1. 2 Thermodynamic Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1. 3 Experimental Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1. 4 Programs and Assessment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 System and Phases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1. 5 Chapter 2. Experimental Phase Equilibrium Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 The Si02 System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2. 1 2. 2 The Fe-0 System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2. 3 The Fe-Si-0 System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2. 4 The Mg0-Si0 System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Treatise on Geophysics

Treatise on Geophysics
Author:
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 5604
Release: 2015-04-17
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0444538038

Treatise on Geophysics, Second Edition, is a comprehensive and in-depth study of the physics of the Earth beyond what any geophysics text has provided previously. Thoroughly revised and updated, it provides fundamental and state-of-the-art discussion of all aspects of geophysics. A highlight of the second edition is a new volume on Near Surface Geophysics that discusses the role of geophysics in the exploitation and conservation of natural resources and the assessment of degradation of natural systems by pollution. Additional features include new material in the Planets and Moon, Mantle Dynamics, Core Dynamics, Crustal and Lithosphere Dynamics, Evolution of the Earth, and Geodesy volumes. New material is also presented on the uses of Earth gravity measurements. This title is essential for professionals, researchers, professors, and advanced undergraduate and graduate students in the fields of Geophysics and Earth system science. Comprehensive and detailed coverage of all aspects of geophysics Fundamental and state-of-the-art discussions of all research topics Integration of topics into a coherent whole

Solution Calorimetry

Solution Calorimetry
Author: K. N. Marsh
Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
Total Pages: 331
Release: 1994-01-01
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9780865428522

Synthetic organic chemistry is currently advancing in many new and exciting directions. Formation of C-H, C-O and C-C bonds with high diastero- and enantio-selectivity is still emerging; and as methods such as these develop, sythetic strategies to complex organic molecules follow. By being able to make structural entities at will, the prospect for understanding molecular function,"

Applied Mineralogical Thermodynamics

Applied Mineralogical Thermodynamics
Author: Niranjan D. Chatterjee
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 332
Release: 2013-03-09
Genre: Science
ISBN: 366202716X

Thermodynamic treatment of mineral equilibria, a topic central to mineralogical thermodynamics, can be traced back to the tum of the century, when J. H. Van't Hoff and his associates pioneered in applying thermodynamics to the mineral assemblages observed in the Stassfurt salt deposit. Although other renowned researchers joined forces to develop the subject - H. E. Boeke even tried to popularize it by giving an overview of the early developments in his "Grundlagen der physikalisch-chemischen Petrographie", Berlin, 1915 - it remained, on the whole, an esoteric subject for the majority of the contemporary geological community. Seen that way, mineralogical thermodynamics came of age during the last four decades, and evolved very rapidly into a mainstream discipline of geochemistry. It has contributed enormously to our understanding of the phase equilibria of mineral systems, and has helped put mineralogy and petrology on a firm quantitative basis. In the wake of these developments, academic curricula now require the students of geology to take a course in basic thermodynamics, traditionally offered by the departments of chemistry. Building on that foundation, a supplementary course is generally offered to familiarize the students with diverse mineralogical applications of thermo dynamics. This book draws from the author's experience in giving such a course, and has been tailored to cater to those who have had a previous exposure to the basic concepts of chemical thermodynamics.

Thermodynamics in Earth and Planetary Sciences

Thermodynamics in Earth and Planetary Sciences
Author: Jibamitra Ganguly
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 513
Release: 2009-06-29
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3540773061

Based on a university course, this book provides an exposition of a large spectrum of geological, geochemical and geophysical problems that are amenable to thermodynamic analysis. It also includes selected problems in planetary sciences, relationships between thermodynamics and microscopic properties, particle size effects, methods of approximation of thermodynamic properties of minerals, and some kinetic ramifications of entropy production. The textbook will enable graduate students and researchers alike to develop an appreciation of the fundamental principles of thermodynamics, and their wide ranging applications to natural processes and systems.

Epidotes

Epidotes
Author: Axel Liebscher
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Total Pages: 648
Release: 2018-12-17
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1501509594

Volume 56 of the Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry reviews the current state of knowledge on the epidote minerals with special emphasis on the advances that were made since the comprehensive review of Deer et al. (1986). In the Introduction, we review the structure, optical data and crystal chemistry of this mineral group, all of which form the basis for understanding much of the following material in the volume. In addition, we provide some information on special topics, such as morphology and growth, deformation behavior, and gemology. Thermodynamic properties (Chapter 2, Gottschalk), the spectroscopy of the epidote minerals (Chapter 3, Liebscher) and a review of the experimental studies (Chapter 4, Poli and Schmidt) constitute the first section of chapters. These fields are closely related, and all three chapters show the significant progress over the last years, but that some of the critical questions such as the problem of miscibility and miscibility gaps are still not completely solved. This section concludes with a review of fluid inclusion studies (Chapter 5, Klemd), a topic that turned out to be of large interest for petrogenetic interpretation, and leads to the description of natural epidote occurrences in the second section of the book. These following chapters review the geological environments of the epdiote minerals, from low temperature in geothermal fields (Chapter 6, Bird and Spieler), to common metamorphic rocks (Chapter 7, Grapes and Hoskin) and to high- and ultrahigh pressure (Chapter 8, Enami, Liou and Mattinson) and the magmatic regime (Chapter 9, Schmidt and Poli). Allanite (Chapter 10, Gieré and Sorensen) and piemontite (Chapter 11, Bonazzi and Menchetti), on which a large amount of information is now available, are reviewed in separate chapters. Finally trace element (Chapter 12, Frei, Liebscher, Franz and Dulski) and isotopic studies, both stable and radiogenic isotopes (Chapter 13, Morrison) are considered. We found it unavoidable that there is some overlap between individual chapters. This is an inherited problem in a mineral group such as the epidote minerals, which forms intensive solid solutions between the major components of rock forming minerals as well as with trace elements.

2nd International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing

2nd International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing
Author: Jiann-Yang Hwang
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 435
Release: 2011-04-12
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 111806206X

High Temperature Metallurgical Processing contains the proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Thermal Processing of Minerals, Metals and Materials. This symposium explores physical and chemical transformations in materials that have been designed to facilitate the recovery of valuable metals or produce other useful materials. Representatives from both industry and academia focused on the latest innovative high temperature technologies. Because high temperature processes require high energy input, the presenters addressed the need for sustainable technologies that could provide low energy consumption and low pollution emissions. The symposium also examined the thermodynamics and kinetics of chemical reactions, phase transformations at elevated temperatures, and characterization of materials used or produced in high temperature processing.