Theoretical Basis And Mathematical Modeling Of The Thermal Neutron Converters Based On Gadolinium Foils
Download Theoretical Basis And Mathematical Modeling Of The Thermal Neutron Converters Based On Gadolinium Foils full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online free Theoretical Basis And Mathematical Modeling Of The Thermal Neutron Converters Based On Gadolinium Foils ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
| Author | : Djamshed A. Abdushukurov |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2018 |
| Genre | : Neutron counters |
| ISBN | : 9781536142259 |
Converters of neutron radiation play a determining role in the development of detectors of these radiations. They define the basic characteristics of detectors: the efficiency of registration, energy, time and spatial resolution. Among the solid-state converters the gadolinium and its 157 isotopes are especially allocated, possessing abnormal high cross section of interaction with thermal neutrons. In the book, theoretical bases of the registration of neutron radiation by converters from gadolinium are considered. The efficiency of converters is the product of three variables. These are the following: (1) Probabilities of capture of thermal neutrons by nucleus; (2) Probabilities of creation the secondary charged particles, in our case the internal conversion and Auger electrons; (3) Probabilities of escape of created electrons from the material of the converter. Model calculations of registration efficiency of thermal neutrons by the foil converters made from natural gadolinium and its 157 isotope described. Processes of neutron absorption in the material of a converter and the probability of secondary electron escapes examined. Calculation made for converters with the various thicknesses, and other parameters of converters. It was chosen the most optimal converter thicknesses. The contribution low-energy Auger electrons radiated from L- subshell with the energy 4.84 keV and M-subsell with the energy 0.97 keV on efficiency of converters are lead. These electrons have rather small free path length in gadolinium; these are 0.3 microns (4.84 keV) and 0.04 microns (0.97 keV). But their contribution to become essential at use of converters from 157 gadolinium isotope as the length of free path of neutrons in them does not exceed 2-3 microns and this length to become comparable with length of electrons path. Estimation of contribution of X-rays and low-energy gamma-quantas absorbed directly in the converter and resulting of occurrence of secondary electrons was made. In case of the account of the contribution of electrons formed by X-ray quantas the efficiency is increased a little, but their contribution is no more, than by 1 %.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 1132 |
| Release | : 1973 |
| Genre | : Nuclear energy |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 984 |
| Release | : 1985 |
| Genre | : Aeronautics |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : International Atomic Energy Agency |
| Publisher | : International Atomic Energy Agency |
| Total Pages | : 108 |
| Release | : 2014 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9789201450104 |
This publication is a comprehensive study that reviews the current situation in a great number of applications of research reactors. It revises the contents of IAEA TECDOC-1234, The Applications of Research Reactors, giving detailed updates on each field of research reactor uses worldwide. Reactors of all sizes and capabilities can benefit from the sharing of current practices and research enabled via this updated version, which describes the requirements for practicing methods as diverse as neutron activation analysis, education and training, neutron scattering and neutron imaging, silicon doping and radioisotope production, material/fuel irradiation and testing, and some others. Many underutilised research reactors can learn how to diversify their technical capabilities, staff and potential commercial partners and users seeking research reactor services and products. The content of the publication has also been strengthened in terms of current issues facing the vast majority of research reactors by including sections describing user and customer relations as well as strategic planning considerations.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 272 |
| Release | : 1971 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : International Atomic Energy Agency |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 204 |
| Release | : 1998 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : |
This report describes and assesses radiological characterization as a precursor to decommissioning. It shows the influence of the radioactive inventory on the planning and strategies of decommissioning and also presents an extensive overview of characterization results on various reactors which have been or are being decommissioned.
| Author | : Wolfgang A.G. Sauerwein |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 545 |
| Release | : 2012-11-05 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 3642313345 |
Neutron capture therapy (NCT) is based on the ability of the non-radioactive isotope boron-10 to capture thermal neutrons with very high probability and immediately to release heavy particles with a path length of one cell diameter, which in principle allows for tumor cell-selective high-LET particle radiotherapy. This book provides a comprehensive summary of the progress made in NCT in recent years. Individual sections cover all important aspects, including neutron sources, boron chemistry, drugs for NCT, dosimetry, and radiation biology. The use of NCT in a variety of malignancies and also some non-malignant diseases is extensively discussed. NCT is clearly shown to be a promising modality at the threshold of wider clinical application. All of the chapters are written by experienced specialists in language that will be readily understood by all participating disciplines.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 98 |
| Release | : 1964 |
| Genre | : Radiochemical analysis |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : André Authier |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 419 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1461558794 |
This volume collects the proceedings of the 23rd International Course of Crystallography, entitled "X-ray and Neutron Dynamical Diffraction, Theory and Applications," which took place in the fascinating setting of Erice in Sicily, Italy. It was run as a NATO Advanced Studies Institute with A. Authier (France) and S. Lagomarsino (Italy) as codirectors, and L. Riva di Sanseverino and P. Spadon (Italy) as local organizers, R. Colella (USA) and B. K. Tanner (UK) being the two other members of the organizing committee. It was attended by about one hundred participants from twenty four different countries. Two basic theories may be used to describe the diffraction of radiation by crystalline matter. The first one, the so-called geometrical, or kinematical theory, is approximate and is applicable to small, highly imperfect crystals. It is used for the determination of crystal structures and describes the diffraction of powders and polycrystalline materials. The other one, the so-called dynamical theory, is applicable to perfect or nearly perfect crystals. For that reason, dynamical diffraction of X-rays and neutrons constitutes the theoretical basis of a great variety of applications such as: • the techniques used for the characterization of nearly perfect high technology materials, semiconductors, piezoelectric, electrooptic, ferroelectric, magnetic crystals, • the X-ray optical devices used in all modem applications of Synchrotron Radiation (EXAFS, High Resolution X-ray Diffractometry, magnetic and nuclear resonant scattering, topography, etc. ), and • X-ray and neutron interferometry.
| Author | : International Atomic Energy Agency |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 158 |
| Release | : 2007 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : |
Industrial growth, energy consumption are seen as measures towards economic developments. With increase in industrial development worldwide, the demand of energy is continually on the rise. Today, the energy industry is facing many challenges. Nuclear fission and nuclear fusion are seen as important future energy sources. Development of innovative reactor designs with large efficiency for fuel burn up is one of the needs of fission reactors. The materials resistant to high dose of radiations in fusion reactors is another major challenge. The production of electricity without global warming is an important pressing demand on the energy sector. The demands on quality control of components for nuclear and heavy industry are very stringent. Development of well characterized, high quality materials is therefore essential for safe, efficient and reliable operation of engineering components. The diagnosis of failure of machinery parts comes from the post operational characterization of materials. Various destructive and non-destructive techniques are used for this purpose. Research reactors have played an important role in non-destructive characterization of materials and have contributed to technology development. This publication focuses on characterization of materials for industries in general and nuclear energy sector in particular. The main focus is on research reactor based techniques with some discussion on other allied methods like positron annihilation.--Publisher's description.
