The United Wa State Party
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Author | : Tom Kramer |
Publisher | : Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |
Total Pages | : 119 |
Release | : 2007 |
Genre | : History |
ISBN | : 9812304916 |
This monograph argues that although the United Wa State Party (UWSP) has been branded by the international community as a "narco-trafficking army," the organization has an ethnic nationalist agenda whose aim is to build a Wa state within Burma. The UWSP is not innocent of narcotics-related crimes, but few conflict parties in Burma can claim to have clean hands. The weak capacity of the UWSP leadership has prevented it from developing a clear vision of how to develop a Wa state. Although the UWSP has promoted Wa nationalism, the population under its control is not mono-ethnic. The UWSP has implemented a ban on opium cultivation to comply with international pressure. It has called for international aid to offset the impact of the ban, but so far not enough assistance has come through. The organization has relocated thousands of Wa villagers to the Thai border area, displacing part of the original Lahu, Akha, and Shan populations and aggravating ethnic tensions. Relations with the government remain tense, and peace has not been achieved. It is unlikely the UWSP will agree to disarm until some of its basic demands have been met. The United States has indicted eight UWSP leaders on drug trafficking charges. Thailand sees the UWSP as a security threat and accuses it of producing amphetamines. China has a better relationship with the UWSP and has given support and technical advice to the organization. The drug trade is controlled by powerful ethnic Chinese syndicates that have no interest in conflict resolution and state building. Demonizing and isolating the UWSP will make the organization more dependent on them, and will obstruct reconciliation efforts in Burma.
Author | : Bertil Lintner |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 264 |
Release | : 2021-03 |
Genre | : Burma |
ISBN | : 9786162151705 |
The United Wa State Army (UWSA) is a nonstate armed group that administers an autonomous zone in the difficult-to-reach Wa Hills of eastern Myanmar. As China expands its geopolitical interests across Asia through the Belt and Road Initiative, the Wa have come to play a pivotal role in Beijing's efforts to extend its influence in Myanmar. In a book relevant to current debates about geopolitics in Asia, the illicit drug trade, Myanmar's decades-long civil wars, and ongoing efforts to negotiate a settlement, Bertil Lintner, the only foreign journalist to visit the Wa areas when they were controlled by the Communist Party of Burma, traces the history of the Wa Hills and the struggles of its people, providing a rare look at the UWSA.
Author | : Bertil Lintner |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 24 |
Release | : 2019 |
Genre | : Burma |
ISBN | : 9781601277657 |
The United Wa State Army, a force of some twenty-thousand fighters, is the largest of Burma’s ethnic armed organizations. It is also the best equipped, boasting modern and sophisticated Chinese weaponry, and operates a formidable drug empire in the Golden Triangle region. This report examines the history of the Wa people, the United Wa State Army’s long-standing political and military ties to China, and the Wa’s role in Burma’s fragile peace process.
Author | : Bertil Lintner |
Publisher | : SEAP Publications |
Total Pages | : 128 |
Release | : 1990 |
Genre | : History |
ISBN | : 9780877271239 |
A well-documented and extremely engaging account of the Burmese Communist Party that details the development of the Party and the events and forces that led to the 1989 Mutiny and subsequent fall of the CPB. This study explores the ethnic tensions that influenced the attitudes of the rank-and-file members, the support and influence of the Chinese Communist Party, the Party's involvement in the drug trade, and the complex, antagonistic relationship between the CPB and the military regime of Burma.
Author | : Washington State Department |
Publisher | : Lulu.com |
Total Pages | : 50 |
Release | : 2019-04-06 |
Genre | : Reference |
ISBN | : 0359571980 |
The Department of Licensing has worked to keep the notary public application process as simple as possible. A prospective notary need only submit a complete application, proof of a $10,000 surety bond, and appropriate fees to the Department of Licensing in order to begin the process. Once an applicant has completed all application requirements and proven that he or she is eligible, the Department will have a new certificate of commission mailed out promptly. New in 2018, notaries public can also apply for an electronic records notary public endorsement, which allows the notary to perform notarial acts on electronic documents as well as paper documents. The application process is similar to the application process for the commission, and can be done at the same time or separately.
Author | : George Washington |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 72 |
Release | : 1907 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Kevin Heppner |
Publisher | : Human Rights Watch |
Total Pages | : 225 |
Release | : 2002 |
Genre | : Child soldiers |
ISBN | : 9781564322791 |
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 1308 |
Release | : 2003 |
Genre | : Administrative law |
ISBN | : |
The Code of Federal Regulations is the codification of the general and permanent rules published in the Federal Register by the executive departments and agencies of the Federal Government.
Author | : Citizens Against Government Waste |
Publisher | : Macmillan |
Total Pages | : 212 |
Release | : 2005-04-06 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 9780312343576 |
A compendium of the most ridiculous examples of Congress's pork-barrel spending.
Author | : Mark van de Logt |
Publisher | : University of Oklahoma Press |
Total Pages | : 370 |
Release | : 2012-11-08 |
Genre | : History |
ISBN | : 0806184396 |
Between 1864 and 1877, during the height of the Plains Indian wars, Pawnee Indian scouts rendered invaluable service to the United States Army. They led missions deep into contested territory, tracked resisting bands, spearheaded attacks against enemy camps, and on more than one occasion saved American troops from disaster on the field of battle. In War Party in Blue, Mark van de Logt tells the story of the Pawnee scouts from their perspective, detailing the battles in which they served and recounting hitherto neglected episodes. Employing military records, archival sources, and contemporary interviews with current Pawnee tribal members—some of them descendants of the scouts—Van de Logt presents the Pawnee scouts as central players in some of the army's most notable campaigns. He argues that military service allowed the Pawnees to fight their tribal enemies with weapons furnished by the United States as well as to resist pressures from the federal government to assimilate them into white society. According to the author, it was the tribe's martial traditions, deeply embedded in their culture, that made them successful and allowed them to retain these time-honored traditions. The Pawnee style of warfare, based on stealth and surprise, was so effective that the scouts' commanding officers did little to discourage their methods. Although the scouts proudly wore the blue uniform of the U.S. Cavalry, they never ceased to be Pawnees. The Pawnee Battalion was truly a war party in blue.