Guinea pigs, often known as cavies, are tiny, gregarious rodents native to the Andean area of South America. Despite their name, guinea pigs are not pigs and they do not originate from Guinea. They belong to the Caviidae family and the genus Cavia. Their scientific name is Cavia porcellus. Guinea pigs have been domesticated for thousands of years, first farmed by indigenous people in South America for sustenance. Over time, they became popular as pets, valued for their kind temperament and engaging personalities. Background and Establishment The domestication of guinea pigs goes back to roughly 5000 BC in the Andean area, where they were first employed as a source of meat. They were maintained by the Inca and other indigenous groups. The Spanish conquistadors who landed in the Americas during the 16th century brought guinea pigs back to Europe, where they immediately became popular among the upper classes as exotic pets. Their attraction rapidly spread, and they became a widespread home pet in Europe and eventually in North America. Guinea pigs were first reported scientifically by Swiss naturalist Conrad Gessner in the mid-16th century. They have subsequently become the focus of several scientific investigations, notably in the realms of genetics, nutrition, and behavior, because of their ease of handling and breeding. Different Breeds and Their Characteristics There are various breeds of guinea pigs, each with specific traits. These breeds are generally classed based on their coat type and color. Some of the most popular breeds include: 1. American Guinea Pig: The most prevalent breed, distinguished by its short, silky coat and a broad range of colors. They are recognized for their pleasant and easy-going disposition, making them a perfect option for first-time owners. 2. Abyssinian Guinea Pig: Recognizable by its characteristic "rosettes" or whorls of fur, giving it a spiky look. Abyssinians are generally lively and inquisitive, needing additional maintenance to keep their coats appearing nice. 3. Peruvian Guinea Pig: This breed has long, flowing hair that may reach many inches in length. Peruvians are a stunning breed that needs frequent maintenance to avoid matting and tangling of their long coats. 4. Silkie (Sheltie) Guinea Pig: Similar to the Peruvian, Silkies have long hair, but their fur grows backward from the head, giving them a silky and beautiful look. They are recognized for their sweet demeanor. 5. Teddy Guinea Pig: Named for their thick, soft fur, which resembles a teddy bear. Teddies have a particular texture to their coat and are recognized for their friendly and lively demeanor. 6. Rex Guinea Pig: Characterized by a short, curly coat, giving them a soft, velvety feel. Rex guinea pigs are normally peaceful and good-natured.