This textbook has been designed to meet the needs of B.Sc. first semester students of Botany stream for universities of Karnataka as per the recommended National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. The book has been comprehensively written to provide full syllabus coverage with extensive details of concepts along with recent updates, illustrations, tables etc. The book has been written in lucid and easily understandable language for students. Each chapter has self-test exercise as well as a consolidated text on practical part along with viva voce questions at the end of the book.