Since the military draft ended in 1975, newly commissioned officers haveincluded increasing numbers of minorities and women. These officers must beretained and promoted for the senior officer ranks to become as diverse asthe junior officer ranks are today. This report examines whether minorityand women officers obtain these promotions and choose to continue in theircareers at the same rate as other officers. The authors conducted tworesearch efforts: analyzing personnel records and interviewing midcareerofficers, personnel managers, and promotion board members individually andin focus groups. Results for minorities other than blacks were limited dueto small sample sizes. White women were found to be less likely to reachhigher officer ranks than were men, mostly because they chose to leave themilitary between promotions. Black male and black female officers generallyfailed promotions in higher proportions than did white males, but were morelikely to stay in the military between promotions. The interviews and focusgroups revealed different perceptions about careers: Black officers seemedto have greater difficulty forming all-important peer and mentorrelationships and overcoming initial expectations of lower performance.Women's careers have been affected by limited occupational opportunities,inconsistent acceptance of their role as military officers, harassment, andfamily conflicts.