The Role Of Transforming Growth Factor Beta Extracellular Matrix Signaling In Skeletal Muscle Growth And Development
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| Author | : Xuehui Li |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 320 |
| Release | : 2008 |
| Genre | : Extracellular matrix |
| ISBN | : |
Abstract: Muscle development is a highly organized process, regulated by interactions between muscle cells and their extracellular matrix (ECM) environment. The ECM through its regulation of growth factors plays a pivotal role in muscle growth and development. Transforming growth factor-[beta]1 (TGF-[beta]1) is a potent inhibitor of muscle cell proliferation and differentiation. Decorin, one of components in the ECM, binds to TGF-[beta]1 and modulates muscle cell responsiveness to TGF-[beta]1. The TGF-[beta]1 signal is carried by Smad proteins into the cell nucleus, resulting in an inhibition of the expression of certain myogenic regulatory factors. In addition, TGF-[beta]1 affects expression of cell [beta]1 integrin adhesion receptor that is involved in cell adhesion and survival. However, the mechanism by which these factors interact and the signaling pathway is largely unknown. To address this mechanism, both in vitro and in vivo studies were preformed. In vitro studies showed that TGF-[beta]1 reduced both decorin and [beta]1 integrin expression, and altered the localization of [beta]1 integrin in satellite cells. Decorin plays a negative role in the TGF-[beta]1-dependent signaling pathway in terms of inhibiting satellite cell responsiveness to TGF-[beta]1, resulting in enhanced cell proliferation and differentiation. Decreased expression of [beta]1 integrin is likely involved in the programmed cell death or apoptotic effect of TGF-[beta]1 on muscle cells through regulating focal adhesion kinase signaling pathway. The expression of myogenic regulatory factors, MyoD and myogenin, was inhibited by TGF-[beta]1 through Smad3-mediated pathway, resulting in decreased satellite cell proliferation and differentiation. In vivo studies investigated the function of TGF-[beta]1 on the expression and localization of [beta]1 integrin and decorin during muscle formation by injection of TGF-[beta]1 into the developing chicken embryo. In addition, the muscle cells from Low Score Normal (LSN) chicken, genetic muscle weakness, showed a different cellular responsiveness to TGF-[beta]1 compared to the normal, which suggests a complex mechanism involved in the LSN condition. This study provides new information on the role of the TGF-[beta]1-ECM signaling pathway in muscle growth and development, which will not only be critical to the domestic animal industries, but also benefit human health in terms of the repair and regeneration of muscle with age.
| Author | : Jason White |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 197 |
| Release | : 2016-03-22 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3319275119 |
This book describes the diverse roles that growth factors and cytokines play in skeletal muscle. The extracellular environment has profound effects on the biology of skeletal muscle. The soluble portion of this environment includes a rich milieu of growth factors and cytokines which have been shown to regulate virtually all facets of the response of skeletal muscle to external stimuli, whether it be exercise induced metabolic shifts, remodeling in response to trauma or loading of the ongoing pathology associated with neuromuscular disease. The chapters included in this work illustrate growth factors that directly affect skeletal muscle cells and those which influence non-muscle cells that contribute to the biology of skeletal muscle as a whole tissue. The current state of the art, with the advent of systems biology, allows for the delineation of signaling networks which are regulated by suites of growth factors. This is in stark contrast to early more traditional studies, which only examined the effects of isolated growth factors on the activity of skeletal muscle precursor cells in tissue culture. The work presented in this volume ranges from reviewing and analyzing the roles of individual growth factors in detail, to the complex interplay of multiple soluble factors in the control of muscle functional, and dysfunctional states. The material covered in this volume will particularly suit readers from a range of research fields spanning general muscle biology and physiology, and those working on diseases and conditions affecting skeletal muscle both directly and indirectly.
| Author | : Douglas W. DeSimone |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 260 |
| Release | : 2013-03-15 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3642359353 |
Cells in the developing embryo depend on signals from the extracellular environment to help guide their differentiation. An important mediator in this process is the extracellular matrix – secreted macromolecules that interact to form large protein networks outside the cell. During development, the extracellular matrix serves to separate adjacent cell groups, participates in establishing morphogenic gradients, and, through its ability to interact directly will cell-surface receptors, provides developmental clocks and positional information. This volume discusses how the extracellular matrix influences fundamental developmental processes and how model systems can be used to elucidate ECM function. The topics addressed range from how ECM influences early development as well as repair processes in the adult that recapitulate developmental pathways.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : ScholarlyEditions |
| Total Pages | : 153 |
| Release | : 2012-01-09 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1464927332 |
Transforming Growth Factors: Advances in Research and Application: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Transforming Growth Factors. The editors have built Transforming Growth Factors: Advances in Research and Application: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Transforming Growth Factors in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Transforming Growth Factors: Advances in Research and Application: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
| Author | : Katarzyna Grzelkowska-Kowalczyk |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2016 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : |
Skeletal muscle tissue makes up approximately 40% of the total body mass in adult mammals. Contractile muscle fibers building skeletal muscle tissue are coated by an extracellular matrix material (ECM), accounting for 1-10% of the muscle mass. The ECM in skeletal muscle was initially considered as a structure, providing mechanical support for bearing force transmission. Now it is evident that muscle cells adhere to and connect with the ECM, also for signaling, and the ECM provides an appropriate and permissive environment for muscle development and functioning. This chapter summarizes current knowledge on the role of ECM components in skeletal muscle growth and regeneration, which is of great importance for potential therapeutic interventions. It also focuses on the contribution of ECM in the motor function of skeletal muscle as well as on mechanisms mediating muscle ECM remodeling during adaptation to physical activity. The role of the ECM in the metabolic function of skeletal muscle tissue and the ECM disturbances associated with insulin resistance are described. Finally, the attention is paid on potential implications of changes in skeletal muscle ECM assembly and function in health and disease.
| Author | : Francesco Travascio |
| Publisher | : BoD – Books on Demand |
| Total Pages | : 376 |
| Release | : 2016-06-15 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9535124153 |
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an ensemble of non-cellular components present within all tissues and organs of the human body. The ECM provides structural support for scaffolding cellular constituents and biochemical and biomechanical support for those events leading to tissue morphogenesis, differentiation and homeostasis. Essential components of all ECMs are water, proteins and polysaccharides. However, their composition, architecture and bioactivity greatly vary from tissue to tissue in relation to the specific role the ECM is required to assume. This book overviews the role of the ECM in different tissues and organs of the human body.
| Author | : Sonia B. Jakowlew |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 766 |
| Release | : 2008-02-28 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 9781588297143 |
Transforming Growth Factor- ß in Cancer Therapy, Vols. 1 and 2, provides a compendium of findings about the role of transforming growth factor- ß (TGF- ß) in cancer treatment and therapy. The first volume, Basic and Clinical Biology, is divided into three parts. This volume’s companion, Cancer Treatment in Therapy, examines transforming growth factor- ß in other developing and advanced cancers and methods of treatment and therapy.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : ScholarlyEditions |
| Total Pages | : 363 |
| Release | : 2012-12-26 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1464997489 |
Transforming Growth Factors—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Transforming Growth Factors. The editors have built Transforming Growth Factors—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Transforming Growth Factors in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Transforming Growth Factors—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
| Author | : David A.D. Parry |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 630 |
| Release | : 2017-01-18 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3319496743 |
This book provides the readers with an up-to-date review of the design, structure and function of a representative selection of fibrous proteins in both health and disease. The importance of the α-helical coiled coil, a conformational motif based on the heptad repeat in the amino acid sequence of all α-fibrous proteins (and parts of some globular proteins) is underlined by three Chapters devoted to its design, structure, function and topology. Specific proteins covered in the text and which depend on the coiled coil for their structure and function, include the intermediate filament proteins, tropomyosin, myosin, paramyosin, fibrin and members of the spectrin superfamily. Also described are fibrous proteins based on the β-pleated sheet and collagen conformations. Recombinant structural proteins, especially of silk and collagen, are discussed in the context of developing new biomaterials with varied applications. Established researchers and postgraduate students in the fields of protein chemistry, biochemistry and structural biophysics will find Fibrous Proteins: Structures and Mechanisms to be an invaluable collection of topical reviews that describe the basic advances made in the field of fibrous proteins over the past decade. This book, written by recognized authorities in the field, provides a clear account of the current status of fibrous protein research and, in addition, establishes the basis for deciding the most appropriate directions for future activity, including the applications of protein engineering and the commercial exploitation of new biomaterials.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : ScholarlyEditions |
| Total Pages | : 24 |
| Release | : 2012-12-26 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1481633732 |
Advances in Transforming Growth Factor beta Research and Application / 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyPaper™ that delivers timely, authoritative, and intensively focused information about Transforming Growth Factor beta in a compact format. The editors have built Advances in Transforming Growth Factor beta Research and Application / 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Transforming Growth Factor beta in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Advances in Transforming Growth Factor beta Research and Application / 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
