The Role Of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi And Natural Enemy Communities On Seedling Dynamics
Download The Role Of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi And Natural Enemy Communities On Seedling Dynamics full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online free The Role Of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi And Natural Enemy Communities On Seedling Dynamics ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
| Author | : Benedicte Marie-philippe Elanore Bachelot |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2015 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
In chapter 1, I developed a theoretical model that combines competition between trees, predation by tree natural enemies, and mutualism with AM fungi, and showed that a subtle balance between negative and positive feedbacks is required to reach tree species coexistence. In chapters 2 and 3, I used empirical data collected from El Yunque (Puerto Rico) to gain a better understanding of the distribution of soil fungi and tree natural enemies in a secondary tropical forest and to test some of the assumptions of my theoretical model. In chapter 2, I found evidence that soil characteristics and the tree community were important to structure soil fungal communities, and I demonstrated long-lasting effects of past human land use. If AM fungi are important to promote tropical tree species coexistence as suggested by my theoretical model, past land use could influence tree species coexistence by altering AM fungal communities, emphasizing the need for additional studies about land use legacy effects on AM fungal communities.
| Author | : Jenalle L. Eck |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 163 |
| Release | : 2017 |
| Genre | : Soil microbial ecology |
| ISBN | : |
The Janzen-Connell hypothesis highlights the important role of species-specific natural enemies like pathogens and herbivores in maintaining species diversity within plant communities by limiting the survival and growth of seedlings near conspecific adult plants. The extent to which natural enemies reduce conspecific seedling performance is thought to influence species richness and relative abundance within plant communities, but within-species variation in this process could also affect plant diversity at the species or population level. Variation in the strength of natural enemy effects among conspecific seedlings could occur due to factors such as the degree of relatedness between conspecific seedlings and adults (i.e., their level of shared susceptibility), or due to the characteristics of the adult that determine natural enemy accumulation (e.g., reproduction), but the causes of such variation and its consequences for patterns of plant diversity have seldom been explored.
| Author | : Thomas R. Horton |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 299 |
| Release | : 2015-11-16 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9401773955 |
The last 25 years have seen significant advances in our understanding of the mycorrhizal fungi that colonize most of the world’s plants, and the mycorrhizal networks that form and extend into the soil beyond plant roots. In addition to a thorough review of recent research on mycorrhizal networks, this book provides readers with alternative perspectives. The book is organized into three sections: Network Structure, Nutrient Dynamics, and the Mutualism-Parasitism Continuum. Chapter 1 addresses the specificity of ectomycorrhizal symbionts and its role in plant communities, and provides an updated list of terms and definitions. Chapter 2 explores interactions between symbionts in mycorrhizal fungi networks, as well as interactions between fungal individuals. The second section of the book begins with the examination in Chapter 3 of extramatrical mycelium (mycelia beyond the root tips) in ectomycorrhizal fungi, focused on carbon and nitrogen. Chapter 4 reviews the influence of mycorrhizal networks on outcomes of plant competition in arbuscular mycorrhizal plant communities. Chapter 5 discusses nutrient movement between plants through networks with a focus on the magnitude, fate and importance of mycorrhiza-derived nutrients in ectomycorrhizal plants. Section 3 opens with a review of research on the role of ectomycorrhizal networks on seedling establishment in a primary successional habitat, in Chapter 6. The focus of Chapter 7 is on facilitation and antagonism in arbuscular mycorrhizal networks. Chapter 8 explores the unique networking dynamic of Alnus, which differs from most ectomycorrhizal plant hosts in forming isolated networks with little direct connections to networks of other host species in a forest. Chapter 9 argues that most experiments have not adequately tested the role of mycorrhizal networks on plant community dynamics, and suggests more tests to rule out alternative hypotheses to carbon movement between plants, especially those that include experimental manipulations of the mycorrhizal networks. Plant ecologists have accumulated a rich body of knowledge regarding nutrient acquisition by plants. The editor proposes that research indicating that mycorrhizal fungi compete for nutrients, which are then delivered to multiple hosts through mycorrhizal networks, represents an important new paradigm for plant ecologists.
| Author | : Thomas R. Horton |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2015 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9789401773966 |
The last 25 years have seen significant advances in our understanding of the mycorrhizal fungi that colonize most of the world's plants, and the mycorrhizal networks that form and extend into the soil beyond plant roots. In addition to a thorough review of recent research on mycorrhizal networks, this book provides readers with alternative perspectives. The book is organized into three sections: Network Structure, Nutrient Dynamics, and the Mutualism-Parasitism Continuum. Chapter 1 addresses the specificity of ectomycorrhizal symbionts and its role in plant communities, and provides an updated list of terms and definitions. Chapter 2 explores interactions between symbionts in mycorrhizal fungi networks, as well as interactions between fungal individuals. The second section of the book begins with the examination in Chapter 3 of extramatrical mycelium (mycelia beyond the root tips) in ectomycorrhizal fungi, focused on carbon and nitrogen. Chapter 4 reviews the influence of mycorrhizal networks on outcomes of plant competition in arbuscular mycorrhizal plant communities. Chapter 5 discusses nutrient movement between plants through networks with a focus on the magnitude, fate and importance of my corrhiza-derived nutrients in ectomycorrhizal plants. Section 3 opens with a review of research on the role of ectomycorrhizal networks on seedling establishment in a primary successional habitat, in Chapter 6. The focus of Chapter 7 is on facilitation and antagonism in arbuscular mycorrhizal networks. Chapter 8 explores the unique networking dynamic of Alnus, which differs from most ectomycorrhizal plant hosts in forming isolated networks with little direct connections to networks of other host species in a forest. Chapter 9 argues that most experiments have not adequately tested the role of mycorrhizal networks on plant community dynamics, and suggests more tests to rule out alternative hypotheses to carbon movement between plants, especially those that include experimental manipulations of the mycorrhizal networks. Plant ecologists have accumulated a rich body of knowledge regarding nutrient acquisition by plants. The editor proposes that research indicating that mycorrhizal fungi compete for nutrients, which are then delivered to multiple hosts through mycorrhizal networks, represents an important new paradigm for plant ecologists.
| Author | : Zaki Anwar Siddiqui |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 365 |
| Release | : 2008-07-27 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1402087705 |
Mycorrhizal fungi are microbial engines which improve plant vigor and soil quality. They play a crucial role in plant nutrient uptake, water relations, ecosystem establishment, plant diversity, and the productivity of plants. Scientific research involves multidisciplinary approaches to understand the adaptation of mycorrhizae to the rhizosphere, mechanism of root colonization, effect on plant physiology and growth, biofertilization, plant resistance and biocontrol of plant pathogens. This book discusses and goes into detail on a number of topics: the molecular basis of nutrient exchange between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and host plants; the role of AM fungi in disease protection, alleviation of soil stresses and increasing grain production; interactions of AM fungi and beneficial saprophytic mycoflora in terms of plant growth promotion; the role of AM fungi in the restoration of native ecosystems; indirect contributions of AM fungi and soil aggregation to plant growth and mycorrhizosphere effect of multitrophic interaction; the mechanisms by which mycorrhizas change a disturbed ecosystem into productive land; the importance of reinstallation of mycorrhizal systems in the rhizosphere is emphasized and their impact on landscape regeneration, and in bioremediation of contaminated soils; Ectomycorrhizae (ECM) and their importance in forest ecosystems and associations of ECM in tropical rain forests function to maintain tropical monodominance; in vitro mycorrhization of micro-propagated plants, and visualizing and quantifying endorhizal fungi; the use of mycorrhizae, mainly AM and ECM, for sustainable agriculture and forestry.
| Author | : S. Gianinazzi |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 320 |
| Release | : 2002-08-01 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 9783764364854 |
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (AM) is the most common mycorrhizal type involved in agricultural systems, and the most widespread plant root symbiosis. The fungi involved (Glomales) are known to promote plant growth and health by acting as biofertilizers, bioprotectors and bioregulators. The main aim of this book is to provide readers with theoretical and applied knowledge essential for the use of AM fungi in improving plant health and fitness, production of high quality food and in conservation of natural resources. The different chapters target understanding the role of AM fungi in sustainable crop production, discussing ways to improve biological equilibria between microorganisms in the mycorrhizosphere, analysing genetic, physiological, cellular and molecular bases of AM functioning and establishing technologies for inoculum production, according to the regulatory guidelines for application.
| Author | : Rebecca D. Curland |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 102 |
| Release | : 2009 |
| Genre | : Plant invasions |
| ISBN | : |
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are vital components in most plant communities and therefore in almost all terrestrial ecosystems. Historically, AMF symbioses have been observed through microscopy and spore isolation. Given advancements in molecular technologies over the last couple of decades, ecologists are now able to observe AMF community dynamics in a more complex way, thereby broadening the understanding of the scope of ecological interactions concerning AMF. One area of interest are the effects exotic plant invasions have on native AM fungal communities and consequently on native plant communities. Over the last 20 years there have been some interesting studies published indicating that the introduction of invasive alien plants has significant ecological impacts on native AMF populations. In this paper, I will examine the ecology ofAMF and exotic plant invasion. Specifically, I will consider study design, previous research, molecular methods, data interpretation, limitations of AMF ecology technology and the future of AMF invasive ecology.
| Author | : Tancredo Souza |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 165 |
| Release | : 2015-12-16 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3319248502 |
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are obligate root symbionts that impact plant growth, productivity and competitiveness. The book integrates key information about AMF concepts, structures and functions, and the new classification of Glomeromycota, including topics about AMF history and evolution, AMF families, genus and species description, as well as a compilation about several protocols to assess AMF and how to identify them. The focus is to provide readers enough information about AMF.
| Author | : Michael Allen |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 562 |
| Release | : 1992 |
| Genre | : Nature |
| ISBN | : 9780412018916 |
It is now known that over 90 percent of all plants have established integrative plant-fungal processes in their root systems, and it may well turn out to be the case that virtually all plants have mycorrhizae. In this work, many of the best researchers in the field review the current status of research in plant-fungal communications, mycorrhizal organisms, applications, and biotechnology. The focus is a hierarchical one. This volume is comprehensive and covers both ectomycorrhizae and vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizae, addressing concepts that are related to all the different groups. Mycorrhizal Functioning will be of interest to professionals and graduate students in microbiology, ecology, mycology, plant pathology, plant science, and soil science. Those working in the agricultural biotechnology industry will also benefit from the book's applications perspective.
| Author | : Ajit Varma |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 360 |
| Release | : 2020-04-01 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3030362485 |
This book provides an overview of the latest advances concerning symbiotic relationships between plants and microbes, and their applications in plant productivity and agricultural sustainability. Symbiosis is a living phenomenon including dynamic variations in the genome, metabolism and signaling network, and adopting a multidirectional perspective on their interactions is required when studying symbiotic organisms. Although various plant-microbe symbiotic systems are covered in this book, it especially focuses on arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) symbiosis and root nodule symbiosis, the two most prevalent systems. AM symbiosis involves the most extensive interaction between plants and microbes, in the context of phylogeny and ecology. As more than 90% of all known species of plants have the potential to form mycorrhizal associations, the productivity and species composition, as well as the diversity of natural ecosystems, are frequently dependent upon the presence and activity of mycorrhizas. In turn, root nodule symbiosis includes morphogenesis and is formed by communication between plants and nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The biotechnological application of plant–microbe symbiosis is expected to foster the production of agricultural and horticultural products while maintaining ecologically and economically sustainable production systems. Designed as a hands-on guide, this book offers an essential resource for researchers and students in the areas of agri-biotechnology, soil biology and fungal biology.
