The Role of Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) in Sustainbility

The Role of Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) in Sustainbility
Author: Duaij AlRukaibi
Publisher:
Total Pages: 646
Release: 2010
Genre:
ISBN:

Kuwait is an arid country situated at the head of the Arabian Gulf and its water resources can be classified into three significant types: (1) natural (groundwater) and (2) artificial (desalinated sea water and treated wastewater). In the absence of surface water bodies, groundwater constitutes the most important natural water resource in Kuwait with TDS [less than or equal to]10000 mg/L in central and south Kuwait. Only in the north can one find fresh water lenses. Brackish groundwater are used for irrigation, landscaping, construction work, non-potable use in households and mixing with desalinated water up to 10%, to make it potable. The occurrence of usable groundwater is limited to the Kuwait Group and Dammam Formation. Due to over-pumping of groundwater over the last few years, the levels and quality of groundwater are deteriorating. Kuwait is described as the poorest country in terms of water availability (UN World Water-2003). The current rates of water consumption are very high, with 459.6 L/C/d and almost 91 L/C/d for fresh and brackish water, respectively. The water budget of the water resources, represented as percentages is 59% from desalination sea water plants, 32% from groundwater with the possibility to increase the use of this resource and 9% from waste water reuse plants. Although Kuwait does not have any surface water, but it depends on technology to produce water recourses to meet the demand. The best solution for solve the issues of declining water levels and increasing salinity is artificial recharge. Artificial recharge has been applied in Kuwait in different groundwater fields since the 1980s. In addition, the available surface storage capacity of 11.7 Mm3 freshwater is sufficient to meet demand for about 7 days. So, Aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) can be used to store the water in aquifers instead of surface storage. ASR entails storing water in aquifers during wet times and recovering the water from the same well during drought times. Surface storage needs construction resources and vast land. In contrast, storing water in aquifer storage does not need that and it can decrease salinity and keep the water table constant. The water availability for artificial recharge can come from desalination and wastewater plant. The capacity and production of desalination plants are 1.425Mm3/day (525.125Mm3/yr) and 1.31Mm3/day (478.15 Mm3/yr), respectively from 5 stations. The excess capacity is 115000 m3 per day and could reach 290000 m3 per day in the winter season. Wastewater treatment plants produce from 3 plants around 0.337 Mm3/day (123.342 Mm3/yr) and the newest plant (operating by RO system) produces 0.32 Mm3/day (117.12 Mm3/yr) and will reach 0.643 Mm3/day (235.338 Mm3/yr) in 2015. The water produced from wastewater treatment plants has good quality and can be used for irrigation, greening enhancement, landscaping, recreation (artificial river and lakes) and artificial recharge. Also, using water treated for artificial recharge will improve the quality of injected water that has been successfully treated with soil aquifer treatment technology. Groundwater pumping is 200 Mm3 annually and is likely to reach 280 Mm3 in the future. This research will explore and create a database for water resource by GIS software using its tool to select and display suitable areas for ASR operation. Artificial recharge in Kuwait has used the concept of injection and recovery of water in one cycle, while here we will apply the multi-cycle concept to avoid increasing the piezometric head and clogging the porous media. The injected water will be from wastewater treatment plants with a TDS content of less 500 ppm and the TDS of recovered water in each well less than 1500 ppm. Moreover, there are criteria for selecting a domain for artificial recharge, for example, moderate transmissivity, The TDS of the aquifer should not exceed 5000 ppm, and the horizontal and vertical hydraulic gradient should be as small as possible and close to the stations suppler and demand center. The success of artificial recharge will depend on the recovery efficiency (RE) in every cycle which will increase if artificial recharge done in the correct way. The RE increases with a decrease in time between the stopping of injection and the starting of the recovery operation. Aquifer storage and recovery can play an important role as sustainability tool to resolve water resource problems, improving water quality, better than surface water storage since it minimizes construction of new infrastructure and uses that cost to initiate new desalination or waste water plants. At the end of this research we will have demonstrated the concept of the process of ASR including the volume and time for injection and recovery of water in multi-cycles and in different suitable sites.

Management of Aquifer Recharge for Sustainability

Management of Aquifer Recharge for Sustainability
Author: P.J. Dillon
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 1066
Release: 2020-08-18
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1000151271

This title offers more than 100 papers originating in 20 countries, covering research on a widening range of methods for recharge enhancement and groundwater quality protection and improvement. These include: bank filtration; aquifer storage and recovery; and soil aquifer treatment, as well as rainwater harvesting and pond infiltration. The emphasis is on understanding subsurface process to improve siting, design and operation and to facilitate use of stormwater and reclaimed water, particularly in water-scarce areas.

Prospects for Managed Underground Storage of Recoverable Water

Prospects for Managed Underground Storage of Recoverable Water
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 351
Release: 2008-02-07
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0309114381

Growing demands for water in many parts of the nation are fueling the search for new approaches to sustainable water management, including how best to store water. Society has historically relied on dams and reservoirs, but problems such as high evaporation rates and a lack of suitable land for dam construction are driving interest in the prospect of storing water underground. Managed underground storage should be considered a valuable tool in a water manager's portfolio, although it poses its own unique challenges that need to be addressed through research and regulatory measures.

Aquifer Storage and Recovery in the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan

Aquifer Storage and Recovery in the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 75
Release: 2001-03-09
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 0309171202

Aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) is a process by which water is recharged through wells to an aquifer and extracted for beneficial use at some later time from the same wells. ASR is proposed as a major water storage component in the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP), developed jointly by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD). The plan would use the Upper Floridan aquifer (UFA) to store as much as 1.7 billion gallons per day (gpd) (6.3 million m3/day) of excess surface water and shallow groundwater during wet periods for recovery during seasonal or longer-term dry periods, using about 333 wells. ASR represents about one-fifth of the total estimated cost of the CERP. Aquifer Storage and Recovery in the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan examines pilot project from the perspective of adaptive assessment, i.e., the extent to which the pilot projects will contribute to process understanding that can improve design and implementation of restoration project components. This report is a critique of the pilot projects and related studies.

M63 Aquifer Storage and Recovery

M63 Aquifer Storage and Recovery
Author: Frederick Bloetscher
Publisher: American Water Works Association
Total Pages: 147
Release: 2015-05-18
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 162576104X

M63, Aquifer Storage and Recovery provides a general understanding of the principles of aquifer storage and recovery (ASR). The manual discusses the concept, regulations as they are applied nationally and by state, basic design and development criteria, and presents results of an inventory of ASR well sites nationally. Both successful projects and ones that faced challenges are profiled. M63 provides management, operations, and engineering staff with an understanding of ASR to help them make decisions on investigations and installations when problems or the need to expand supplies arise, as well as enough background to improve response to problems and challenges. Chapters include: • Groundwater Recharge and Storage Programs • Regulatory Requirements • Summary of ASR Programs in the United States • Challenges for ASR Programs in the United States • Planning and Construction of ASR Systems • Operation and Performance Monitoring of ASR Wells • Example ASR Programs in US • ASR Versus Other Groundwater Recharge and Storage Programs

Groundwater Recharge and Wells

Groundwater Recharge and Wells
Author: R. David G. Pyne
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 393
Release: 2017-11-13
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1351443879

Understanding the issues that have been encountered at other sites, and the steps that have led to successful resolution of these issues, can provide great help to those considering, planning, or implementing new groundwater recharge projects. Recent technical advances and operational experience have demonstrated that well recharge is a feasible and cost effective method of artificially recharging natural aquifers. This practical guide reviews the technical constraints and issues that have been addressed and resolved through research and experience at many sites. The book presents aquifer storage recovery (ASR) technology and traces its evolution over the past 25 years in the United States. Procedures for groundwater recharge are presented, and selected case studies are examined. Drinking water quality standards and conversion factors are provided in the appendix for easy reference.

Aquifer Storage and Recovery and Managed Aquifer Recharge Using Wells

Aquifer Storage and Recovery and Managed Aquifer Recharge Using Wells
Author: Robert George Maliva
Publisher:
Total Pages: 578
Release: 2010-01-01
Genre: Aquifer storage recovery
ISBN: 9780978853068

Aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) and other managed aquifer recharge (MAR) technologies are increasingly being used to meet peak demands, emergency supply (strategic storage), drought requirements, and a number of other storage needs. ASR and MAR system performance is highly dependent upon site-specific hydrogeological conditions and system design. This book provides an overview of ASR and MAR technologies that use wells to recharge aquifers. It addresses the key issues of project planning, aquifer characterization, well design, system operation, and source-water quality and pretreatment. The lessons learned from existing ASR systems are presented to provide guidance for successful future implementation of the technologies.This is the second book in a series, Methods in Water Resources Evaluation, published by Schlumberger Water Services. It is intended to be used as a design and reference text for water resources professional engineers, hydrogeologists, and water managers and as a university textbook.