The Research On Extending The Lifetime Of Wireless Sensor Networks
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| Author | : YoungSang Yun |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2010 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
ABSTRACT: We study various problems efficient energy management for wireless sensor networks. First, we research the energy efficient deployment of wireless sensor nodes so that energy consumption rates of all nodes are equal during the lifetime of the wireless sensor network. If the sensors are deployed uniformly across the network, they experience different traffic intensities and energy depletion rates depending on their locations. Usually, the sensors near the sink tend to deplete their energy sooner; when enough of them exhaust their energy, they leave holes in the network, causing the remaining nodes to be disconnected from the sink. One of the solutions to this energy-hole problem is to deploy the sensors non-uniformly. Moreover, we describe a method for deciding the sensor deployment densities so as to equalize the energy consumption rates of all nodes. The method is general and can be applied to other objectives and constraints. Second, we propose a framework to maximize the lifetime of the wireless sensor networks by using a mobile sink when the underlying applications tolerate delayed information delivery to the sink. Within a prescribed delay tolerance level, each node does not need to send the data immediately as it becomes available. Instead, the node can store the data temporarily and transmit it when the mobile sink is at the most favorable location for achieving the longest WSN lifetime. We call the proposed framework as Delay-Tolerant Mobile Sink Wireless Sensor Network.
| Author | : Alan W. F. Boyd |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2010 |
| Genre | : Routing protocols (Computer network protocols) |
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| Author | : Shoudong Zou |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2009 |
| Genre | : Wireless sensor networks |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Roberto Verdone |
| Publisher | : Academic Press |
| Total Pages | : 391 |
| Release | : 2010-07-27 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 0080558615 |
When choosing the technology options to develop a wireless sensor network (WSN), it is vital that their performance levels can be assessed for the type of application intended. This book describes the different technology options – MAC protocols, routing protocols, localisation and data fusion techniques – and provides the means to numerically measure their performance, whether by simulation, mathematical models or experimental test beds. Case studies, based on the authors’ direct experience of implementing wireless sensor networks, describe the design methodology and the type of measurements used, together with samples of the performance measurements attained. Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks will enable you to answer vital questions such as: How long will my network remain alive given the amount of sensing required of it? For how long should I set the sleeping state of my motes? How many sensors should I distribute to meet the expected requirements of the application? What type of throughput should I expect as a function of the number of nodes deployed and the radio interface chosen (whether it be Bluetooth or Zigbee)? How is the Packet Error Rate of my Zigbee motes affected by the selection of adjacent frequency sub bands in the ISM 2.4GHz band? How is the localisation precision dependant on the number of nodes deployed in a corridor? Communications and signal processing engineers, researchers and graduate students working in wireless sensor networks will find this book an invaluable practical guide to this important technology. "This book gives a proper balance between theory and application; it is a book for those R&D engineers that want to appreciate both why, how and in which domains Wireless Sensor Networks can be best applied." --Fabio Bellifemine, Telecom Italia "This book is a thorough and accessible exposition on wireless sensor networks with a good balance between theory and practice; it is valuable for both students and practicing engineers, and is an essential addition for engineering libraries." --Professor Moe Win, Associate Professor at the Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems (LIDS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology Only book to examine wireless sensor network technologies and assess their performance capabilities against possible applications Enables the engineer to choose the technology that will give the best performance for the intended application Case studies, based on the authors’ direct experience of implementing wireless sensor networks, describe the design methodology and the type of measurements used, together with samples of the performance measurements attained
| Author | : Amalia Tsanaka |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2012 |
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| ISBN | : |
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) use geographic routing to deliver measurement data to one or more sink nodes. In employing geographic routing, where data packets are forwarded along approximate geodesic (shortest) paths, WSNs can distribute the forwarding task unevenly between nodes. Nodes closest to the data sinks, or the geographic centre of the network coverage area, as well as nodes at the periphery of void areas, carry significantly more traffic. Consequently, their batteries deplete at a faster rate than the remaining nodes, causing void areas to form and grow, thus decreasing the overall network lifetime below its potential value. This thesis proposes a novel power-aware routing protocol inspired by the propagation of light-rays in graded-index media, aiming to balance the load over the network and to extend the overall network lifetime with minimal, local coordination overheads only. The idea has been implemented in a custom-built network simulator, where two versions of the algorithm were constructed: Curvy routing, which uses a fixed refractive index distribution and Energy Aware routing, which takes into account energy level changes to update the refractive index. Comparisons have been made between those, a baseline protocol and existing solutions in the literature, where simulation results have shown that the proposed protocols perform better in sparse networks, providing a realistic and plausible solution which can be applied successfully in real-life scenarios.
| Author | : Ashraf Hossain |
| Publisher | : LAP Lambert Academic Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 184 |
| Release | : 2011-06 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9783844388718 |
The nodes in a wireless sensor network (WSN) are generally energy constrained as the battery of a node may not be recharged or replaced. The lifetime of such a network is limited by the energy dissipated by individual nodes during signal processing and communication with other nodes. The issues of modeling a sensor network and assessment of its lifetime have received considerable attention in recent years. Another important performance metric of WSN is network coverage. It depends on several factors including sensing model that has been used to design the network model. The issues of lifetime and coverage have been addressed in the book. It has been observed that non-uniform energy drainage pattern affects network lifetime. Thus, equal energy consumption condition has been imposed. It has been observed that our proposed scheme provides 2.4 and 1.6 times lifetime improvement with respect to other reported node placement schemes under comparable conditions. Equal energy consumption condition has been extended to a wireless image sensor network.
| Author | : |
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| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2019 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9781728100036 |
| Author | : Krishnanand N. Kaipa |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 265 |
| Release | : 2017-01-10 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 3319515950 |
This book provides a comprehensive account of the glowworm swarm optimization (GSO) algorithm, including details of the underlying ideas, theoretical foundations, algorithm development, various applications, and MATLAB programs for the basic GSO algorithm. It also discusses several research problems at different levels of sophistication that can be attempted by interested researchers. The generality of the GSO algorithm is evident in its application to diverse problems ranging from optimization to robotics. Examples include computation of multiple optima, annual crop planning, cooperative exploration, distributed search, multiple source localization, contaminant boundary mapping, wireless sensor networks, clustering, knapsack, numerical integration, solving fixed point equations, solving systems of nonlinear equations, and engineering design optimization. The book is a valuable resource for researchers as well as graduate and undergraduate students in the area of swarm intelligence and computational intelligence and working on these topics.
| Author | : Yinying Yang |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 348 |
| Release | : 2010 |
| Genre | : Ad hoc networks (Computer networks) |
| ISBN | : |
Sensors are used to monitor and control the physical environment. A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is composed of a large number of sensor nodes that are densely deployed either inside the phenomenon or very close to it [18][5]. Sensor nodes measure various parameters of the environment and transmit data collected to one or more sinks, using hop-by-hop communication. Once a sink receives sensed data, it processes and forwards it to the users. Sensors are usually battery powered and it is hard to recharge them. It will take a limited time before they deplete their energy and become unfunctional. Optimizing energy consumption to prolong network lifetime is an important issue in wireless sensor networks. In mobile sensor networks, sensors can self-propel via springs [14], wheels [20], or they can be attached to transporters, such as robots [20] and vehicles [36]. In static sensor networks with uniform deployment (uniform density), sensors closest to the sink will die first, which will cause uneven energy consumption and limitation of network life- time. In the dissertation, the nonuniform density is studied and analyzed so that the energy consumption within the monitored area is balanced and the network lifetime is prolonged. Several mechanisms are proposed to relocate the sensors after the initial deployment to achieve the desired density while minimizing the total moving cost. Using mobile relays for data gathering is another energy efficient approach. Mobile sensors can be used as ferries, which carry data to the sink for static sensors so that expensive multi-hop communication and long distance communication are reduced. In this thesis, we propose a mobile relay based routing protocol that considers both energy efficiency and data delivery delay. It can be applied to both event-based reporting and periodical report applications. Another mechanism used to prolong network lifetime is sensor scheduling. One of the major components that consume energy is the radio. One method to conserve energy is to put sensors to sleep mode when they are not actively participating in sensing or data relaying. This dissertation studies sensor scheduling mechanisms for composite event detection. It chooses a set of active sensors to perform sensing and data relaying, and all other sensors go to sleep to save energy. After some time, another set of active sensors is chosen. Thus sensors work alternatively to prolong network lifetime.
| Author | : Er. Aayushi |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2020-03-24 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9781648692789 |
The convergence of Internet, Communications and Information Technologies coupled with recent emerging advances that will cover the basics of Wireless Sensor Networks and really it is the need of the hour.
