The relevance of Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) and Economic Value Added (EVA) for the valuation of banks

The relevance of Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) and Economic Value Added (EVA) for the valuation of banks
Author: Dennis Schön
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Total Pages: 77
Release: 2004-07-28
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 3638296229
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Bachelor Thesis from the year 2003 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: 1,3 (A), Northumbria University (Newcastle Business School), language: English, abstract: This study investigates the underlying theories and assumptions of two modern capital market-based valuation approaches, the Discounted-Cash-Flow (DCF) and the Economic-Value-Added (EVA) approach, which are nowadays applied principally for industrial and manufacturing firms. This general examination is then transferred into a more specific investigation exploring whether these valuation concepts can be applied to the strongly regulated and more specific field of bank valuation. A questionnaire addressing bank analysts was created to analyse this question. The project indicates that the ideas of shareholder value which have been enforced over the last decade have implemented the need for a more shareholder-focused valuation. The application of DCF is basically attributed to this movement. It is revealed that this concept uses cash flow streams which depict a more realistic picture of an organization’s true earning power. Moreover, it employs a discount rate based on the capital market and thus reflecting the yield expectations of the investors. EVA, on the other hand is a relatively new concept, copyrighted in 1994 by Stern Stewart. It highlights an organization’s true economic profits. The study examines its components NOPAT, Capital and Cost of Capital, establishes a relation to DCF, points out some general limitations due to the fact that it falls back on accounting figures and critically assesses its dependence on the CAPM whose inherent assumptions of efficient markets that are not transferable into reality, might affect the valuation. The primary research undertaken finally reveals that the concepts of DCF and EVA are basically suitable to be applied to the valuation of banks. However, there are some peculiarities, primarily due to difficulties associated with the definition and measurement of debt and reinvestments which make slight adjustments in the valuation process indispensable. Nevertheless, the end result is just as effective as in other industries.

Valuation Approaches and Metrics

Valuation Approaches and Metrics
Author: Aswath Damodaran
Publisher: Now Publishers Inc
Total Pages: 102
Release: 2005
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1601980140
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Valuation lies at the heart of much of what we do in finance, whether it is the study of market efficiency and questions about corporate governance or the comparison of different investment decision rules in capital budgeting. In this paper, we consider the theory and evidence on valuation approaches. We begin by surveying the literature on discounted cash flow valuation models, ranging from the first mentions of the dividend discount model to value stocks to the use of excess return models in more recent years. In the second part of the paper, we examine relative valuation models and, in particular, the use of multiples and comparables in valuation and evaluate whether relative valuation models yield more or less precise estimates of value than discounted cash flow models. In the final part of the paper, we set the stage for further research in valuation by noting the estimation challenges we face as companies globalize and become exposed to risk in multiple countries.

Investment Banking

Investment Banking
Author: Joshua Rosenbaum
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 515
Release: 2020-03-20
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1119706580
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A timely update to the global bestselling book on investment banking and valuation – this new edition reflects valuable contributions from Nasdaq and the global law firm Latham & Watkins LLP plus access to the online valuation models and course. In the constantly evolving world of finance, a solid technical foundation is an essential tool for success. Due to the fast-paced nature of this world, however, no one was able to take the time to properly codify its lifeblood--namely, valuation and dealmaking. Rosenbaum and Pearl originally responded to this need in 2009 by writing the first edition of the book that they wish had existed when they were trying to break into Wall Street. Investment Banking: Valuation, LBOs, M&A, and IPOs, 3rd Edition is a highly accessible and authoritative book written by investment bankers that explains how to perform the valuation work and financial analysis at the core of Wall Street – comparable companies, precedent transactions, DCF, LBO, M&A analysis...and now IPO analytics and valuation. Using a step-by-step, how-to approach for each methodology, the authors build a chronological knowledge base and define key terms, financial concepts, and processes throughout the book. The genesis for the original book stemmed from the authors' personal experiences as students interviewing for investment banking positions. As they both independently went through the rigorous process, they realized that their classroom experiences were a step removed from how valuation and financial analysis were performed in real-world situations. Consequently, they created this book to provide a leg up to those individuals seeking or beginning careers on Wall Street – from students at undergraduate universities and graduate schools to "career changers" looking to break into finance. Now, over 10 years after the release of the first edition, the book is more relevant and topical than ever. It is used in over 200 universities globally and has become a go-to resource for investment banks, private equity, investment firms, and corporations undertaking M&A transactions, LBOs, IPOs, restructurings, and investment decisions. While the fundamentals haven't changed, the environment must adapt to changing market developments and conditions. As a result, Rosenbaum and Pearl have updated their widely adopted book accordingly, turning the latest edition of Investment Banking: Valuation, LBOs, M&A, and IPOs into a unique and comprehensive training package, which includes: Two new chapters covering IPOs plus insightful contributions from Nasdaq, the leading U.S. exchange and technology provider for IPOs and new listings, and global law firm Latham & Watkins LLP Access to six downloadable valuation model templates, including Comparable Companies Analysis, Precedent Transactions Analysis, Discounted Cash Flow Analysis, Leveraged Buyout Analysis, M&A Analysis, and IPO Valuation Six-month access to online Wiley Investment Banking Valuation Course featuring bite-sized lessons, over five hours of video lectures, 100+ practice questions, and other investment banking study tools Launch your career on Wall Street and hone your financial expertise with Rosenbaum and Pearl’s real-world knowledge and forward-looking guidance in the latest edition of Investment Banking: Valuation, LBOs, M&A, and IPOs.

Equity Valuation

Equity Valuation
Author: Jan Viebig
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 452
Release: 2008-06-09
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0470031492
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Equity Valuation: Models from the Leading Investment Banks is a clear and reader-friendly guide to how today’s leading investment banks analyze firms. Editors Jan Viebig and Thorsten Poddig bring together expertise from UBS, Morgan Stanley, DWS Investment GmbH and Credit Suisse, providing a unique analysis of leading equity valuation models, from the very individuals who use them. Filled with real world insights, practical examples and theoretical approaches, the book will examine the strengths and weaknesses of some of the leading valuation approaches, helping readers understand how analysts: · estimate cash flows · calculate discount rates · adjust for accounting distortions · take uncertainty into consideration Written for investment professionals, corporate managers and anyone interested in developing their understanding of this key area, Equity Valuation: Models from the Leading Investment Banks will arm readers with the latest thinking and depth of knowledge necessary to make the right decisions in their valuation methodologies.

CFROI Valuation

CFROI Valuation
Author: Bartley Madden
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 385
Release: 1999-02-15
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0080476422
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What generates shareholder value? How can it be evaluated? How can it influence investment decisions and corporate strategy? Cash Flow Return On Investment answers all these questions by detailing the pioneering financial research carried out by HOLT Value Associates, the leading consultancy in the field. Read this book if you want to find out what really drives the wealth generation in any business, allowing you to pick which equities will succeed and which strategic initiatives are destined for high returns. The CFROI model is an essential tool for professionals working in finance and corporate strategy. It clarifies how economic value is created in a firm and acts as a reliable guide to: * making investment decisions * taking key strategic decisions * understanding economic value Shows how to judge and compare individual equities across markets and company sectorsCutting edge theory and practiceThe leading book about shareholder value authored by one of the world's leading consultancies in the field

Principles of Cash Flow Valuation

Principles of Cash Flow Valuation
Author: Joseph Tham
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 517
Release: 2004-02-23
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0080514804
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Principles of Cash Flow Valuation is the only book available that focuses exclusively on cash flow valuation. This text provides a comprehensive and practical, market-based framework for the valuation of finite cash flows derived from a set of integrated financial statements, namely, the income statement, balance sheet, and cash budget. The authors have distilled the essence of years of gathering academic wisdom in the study of cash flow analysis and the cost of capital. Their work should go a long way toward bridging the gap between the application of cost benefit analysis and the theory of capital budgeting. This book covers the basic concepts in market-based cash flow valuation. Topics include the tme value of money (TVM) and an introduction to cost of capital; basic review of financial statements and accounting concepts; construction of integrated pro-forma financial statements; derivation of free cash flows; use of the WACC in theory and in practice; estimating the WACC for non traded firms; calculating the terminal value beyond the planning period. It also revisits the theory for cost of capital and explains how cash flows are valued in reality. The ideas are illustrated using examples and a case study. The presentation is appropriate for a range of technical backgrounds. This text will be of interest to finance professionals as well as MBA and other graduate students in finance. * Provides the only exclusive treatment of cash flow valuation* Authors use examples and a case study to illustrate ideas* Presentation appropriate for a range of technical backgrounds: ideas are presented clearly, full exposition is also provided* Named among the Top 10 financial engineering titles by Financial Engineering News

Valuation methods of Internet stocks

Valuation methods of Internet stocks
Author: Gunnar Anger
Publisher: diplom.de
Total Pages: 154
Release: 2000-08-24
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 3832426027
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Inhaltsangabe:Abstract: The purpose of this thesis is to discuss some important reasons for the recent boom of Internet stocks, and to show and assess different methods to evaluate them. The Internet is a medium which is yet in the early days of its development and which will revolutionize communication habits, trade and leisure time behavior in an unseen manner. I will show this in the chapters 2 and 3 with psychological reasons for the recent boom. After that I present 3 typical Internet companies (Yahoo!, eBay, and Amazon.com) with their business content, financial data, and future outlook. Afterwards, the analyzing part of this thesis starts, and I demonstrate which figures an investor should look at in order to have a broad overview about the investment. In chapter 5 I present some financial figures from both the income statement as well as the balance sheet, in chapter 6 I give a survey of ratios which are used from analysts and make some comments about how practical they are. Subsequently, chapter 7 deals with more traditional valuation methods, used by institutions like the Federal Bank of America. These are general methods in order to show whether markets are over-/ undervalued or not. After that, I present the valuation models used by investment banks: Economic Value Added (EVA, chapter 9), Discounted Cash Flow (DCF, chapter 10), Real options theory (chapter 11), and multiples (chapter 12). In the last part I summarize the outcome and give an outlook how Stock orders are based on expectations only. Inhaltsverzeichnis:Table of contents: 1.Introduction1 2.Day traders6 3.Principle of floating12 4.Presentation of 3 typical Internet companies: Yahoo!, eBay, and Amazon.com15 4.1Yahoo!16 4.1.1Business description16 4.1.2Financial data20 4.1.3The outlook24 4.2eBay26 4.2.1Business description26 4.2.2Financial data27 4.2.3The outlook29 4.3Amazon.com31 4.3.1Business description31 4.3.2Financial data34 4.3.3The outlook36 4.4Comparison eBay versus Amazon.com41 5.Financial figures to look at 5.1Income statement analysis45 5.1.1Sales45 5.1.2Gross margin46 5.1.3Operating expenses46 5.2Balance sheet analysis47 5.2.1Inventories47 5.2.2Cash position47 5.2.3Quality of the management48 5.2.4The competitive landscape50 5.2.5Market position50 6.Ratios51 6.1Return an marketing52 6.2Price earnings to growth52 6.3Price/earnings (P/E) ratios as a traditional method56 6.4Price/sales ratio57 6.5Debt/capital [...]

The New Standards

The New Standards
Author: Richard N Ericson
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 336
Release: 2010-04-19
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0470559896
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Make the most of the new standards Every year companies spend millions of dollars on executive incentives. All too often, however, these programs provide a very weak link between pay and performance, with executives potentially rewarded as much for bad decisions as they are for good ones. Packed with examples, The New Standards insightfully discusses: How to link pay with business results that create long-term value Why incentive structures can discourage management from reasonable risk-taking, in some cases, and can enocourage imprudent risks in others The full range of inputs that should guide proper incentive policy Why performance measures must reflect both the quality and quantity of earnings Risk, executive behavior, and the cost of capital How to use valuation criteria when choosing metrics The pros and cons of common approaches to stock-based incentive pay Written by noted compensation expert Richard Ericson, this innovative book is a must-read for directors and management concerned with executive compensation design or financial performance measurement and forecasting. Get the guidance and concrete solutions you need to thoroughly reexamine your executive compensation policies and practices with the principles and financial maxims found in The New Standards.

Valuation Methods and Shareholder Value Creation

Valuation Methods and Shareholder Value Creation
Author: Pablo Fernandez
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 662
Release: 2002-08-30
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0122538412
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This text provides a catalogue of valuation tools, together with guidance on analyzing and valuing a business. The author breaks down the topic to provide advice for any business, no matter how complex. He presents eight different methods of firm valuation and discusses the benefits and limitations of each method, supporting this information with examples from international markets.