Letters of Credit and Demand Guarantees: Defences to Payment

Letters of Credit and Demand Guarantees: Defences to Payment
Author: Deborah Horowitz
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 273
Release: 2010-06-10
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0199588538

This book is the first to provide an extensive analysis of the range of defences to payment under letters of credit and demand guarantees. It considers the extent to which different defences undermine the abstraction of these instruments. This is a fundamental issue, since letters of credit and demand guarantees are designed to be abstract, or autonomous, from the underlying contract that called for their use. The purpose of that abstraction is to provide certainty of payment, but the various defences diminish that certainty. The book examines the spectrum of defences that are frequently litigated and debated in international practice: fraud in the documents, nullity, fraud affecting deferred payment letters of credit, fraud as no honest belief, unconscionable conduct and illegality. Vitally, the book provides analysis of the relevant judicial decisions and offers clear practical guidance on which defences are most suitable for each instrument. As the instruments are heavily used in international trade, this work is particularly suited to financial and commercial law practitioners who draft agreements, as well as those who advise on disputes concerning these instruments. Accessible and engaging, the book is also relevant for academics and students.

Yearbook Commercial Arbitration, Volume XLIV (2019)

Yearbook Commercial Arbitration, Volume XLIV (2019)
Author: Stephan W. Schill
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
Total Pages: 927
Release: 2019-12-17
Genre: Law
ISBN: 9403520353

The Yearbook Commercial Arbitration continues its longstanding commitment to serving as a primary resource for the international arbitration community, with reports on arbitral awards and court decisions applying the leading arbitration conventions and decisions of general interest to the practice of international arbitration as well as announcements of arbitration legislation and rules. Volume XLIV (2019) includes: excerpts of arbitral awards made under the auspices of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC); notes on new and amended arbitration rules, including references to their online publication; notes on recent developments in arbitration law and practice inDjibouti, India, the Republic of Maldives, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Sweden, and the United Arab Emirates, as well as the Prague Rules on the Efficient Conduct of Proceedings in International Arbitration; excerpts of 88 court decisions applying the 1958 New York Convention from 27 countries – including, for the first time, a selection of seven cases from Hungary, and cases from Fiji, Macao SAR, Panama, and the Caribbean Community – all indexed by subject matter and linked to the commentaries on the New York Convention published in the Yearbook, authored by former General Editor and leading expert Prof. Albert Jan van den Berg; excerpts from two decision applying the 1965 Washington (ICSID) Convention and four decisions applying the 1975 Panama (Inter-American) Convention, as well as a selection of eight court decisions of general interest; an extensive Bibliography of recent books and journals on arbitration. The Yearbook is edited by the International Council for Commercial Arbitration (ICCA), the world’s leading organization representing practitioners and academics in the field, under the general editorship of Prof. Dr. Stephan W. Schill and with the assistance of the Permanent Court of Arbitration, The Hague. It is an essential tool for lawyers, business people and scholars involved in the practice and study of international arbitration.

International Bank and Other Guarantees Handbook

International Bank and Other Guarantees Handbook
Author: Yann Aubin
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
Total Pages: 1392
Release: 2016-04-24
Genre: Law
ISBN: 9041141294

Familiarity with guarantees and how they function under various national jurisdictions are essential for principals, guarantors, and beneficiaries of international contracts. This enormously useful handbook provides a practical overview of the guarantee regimes in twenty-eight European countries, with country-by-country contributions from regional expert practitioners and academics. For easy comparison, each country report follows the same structure, from preliminary discussion on the provisions of a guarantee to its negotiation, drafting, and enforcement. Focusing on specific issues to consider at every stage, each chapter provides detailed information and guidance on such aspects as the following: . who can issue guarantees; . limitations as to the type of obligations which may be subject to a guarantee; . issues relating to the protection of the contracting parties; . formal requirements which need to be complied with; . stamp duties or other tax payable; . presence of implied terms; . legal framework applicable to joint and several obligations; . modification of the situation; . conditions for release and actions to be taken to ensure a valid release; . opening of bankruptcy proceedings against the principal; . court enforcement; and . incorporation of uniform rules. Each chapter includes references and model guarantee forms that readers can use to draft their own documents. Invaluable to corporate counsel and law firms with an international practice, this peerless handbook will prove the first order of business in trade negotiations across Europe, among European nations themselves as well as with their global partners.

Bank Guarantees in International Trade

Bank Guarantees in International Trade
Author: Roeland F. Bertrams
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
Total Pages: 556
Release: 2013-01-06
Genre: Law
ISBN: 9041141308

For decades, this remarkable book – now in its updated fourth edition – has served practitioners in international trade and banking law as a thorough ‘codification’ of the law and practice of bank guarantees. The new edition has been thoroughly revised, updated, and amended in the light of new developments in the law and changing patterns in practice. Bertrams uses case law, arbitral decisions, and legal writing from five European jurisdictions – The Netherlands, Germany, France, Belgium, and England – to build an analysis of how the practical applications of bank guarantees have established a pattern of law. The new edition takes into account all legal and arbitral decisions and relevant legal writing through 2012 from these countries, as well from other European countries and the United States. Written from a transnational perspective, Bank Guarantees in International Trade can be used in both civil and common law jurisdictions and it has been cited as an authoritative source of case law in several jurisdictions from each system. With reference throughout to the effect and significance of the Uniform Rules for Demand Guarantees (URDG) of the International Chamber of Commerce, International Standby Practices (ISP), and the UNCITRAL Convention on Independent Guarantees and Stand-by Letters of Credit, the author continuously elucidates the way guarantees function in actual practice and the numerous practical aspects and issues to which they give rise. The analysis covers the following subjects and much else: types of guarantee (tender, performance, maintenance, repayment, retention); payment mechanisms (first demand, third-party documents, arbitral or court decision); risks and negotiations, drafting and clauses; bank guarantees as a financial service, the bank’s perspective; direct and indirect guarantees, counter-guarantees; formation, enforceability of expiry dates, assignment and transfer; demand for payment and the rule of strict compliance; fraud and restraining orders; applicable law and jurisdiction; reference to URDG 2010 revision and ISP98 throughout the text. In addition to his thorough coverage of law and legal writing, the author has drawn on intensive contacts with the banking community, construction firms, export credit insurance companies, and local lawyers. His insight into ‘the daily life’ of the world of independent (first demand) guarantees and the practices, difficulties, and peculiarities in a great number of countries and regions, including the Middle East and North Africa, cannot be matched in any other source. Bank guarantees can present major difficulties, and this book is the lawyer’s best guide in any situation likely to arise. As a comprehensive study of the legal and practical aspects of bank guarantees and standby letters of credit, it offers practitioners in international trade law the most complete analysis of banking law in the field. In its wealth of practical detail, it is unlikely to be surpassed.

Refund Guarantees

Refund Guarantees
Author: Mark Davis
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 224
Release: 2015-05-22
Genre: Law
ISBN: 131774618X

A refund guarantee is an essential component of almost every shipbuilding project, without which the buyer will be unwilling or unable to proceed. There is no standard form of refund guarantee in universal usage, and both the form and substance of refund guarantee instruments vary widely from case to case. The ambiguity or uncertainty of the meaning of refund guarantee instruments, against a backdrop of a sharp downturn in the shipping markets, has led to numerous disputes in recent years concerning refund guarantees, which have been the subject of a number of important decisions of the English Courts. This is the first English law text book dedicated to the subject of refund guarantees. It provides essential guidance as to the issues arising and the pitfalls to be avoided. It analyses the specimen form of guarantee annexed to Bimco’s NEWBUILDCON form, and covers topics such as the circumstances in which the liability of the guarantor may be discharged, and when a builder may be entitled to obtain an injunction to restrain payment under a refund guarantee. It will be an essential and practical guide for those engaged in the shipbuilding industry, including shipbuilders, shipowners, banks and insurance companies, P&I clubs, and those advising them.

Offshore Construction

Offshore Construction
Author: Stuart Beadnall
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Total Pages: 439
Release: 2021-12-29
Genre: Law
ISBN: 1000489442

This updated book provides practical guidance on avoiding and resolving disputes in the construction of offshore units and vessels, including FPSOs, drilling units, OSVs, FLNG, FSRU and fixed platforms. Written by a leading team at Stephenson Harwood, it covers the entire construction process from initial concept right through to installation, at each stage commenting on typical contract terms and offering expert advice based on real-life examples. With 30 per cent of the world’s oil and gas production coming from offshore areas, the construction of specialist vessels to perform offshore operations is a crucial part of the industry. However, with exploration and production being performed in increasingly exacting locations, the scope for disputes arising from cost overruns, scheduling delays and technical difficulties is immense. This second edition has been updated to include new case law as well as a new chapter on financing. The existing chapters will feature more information on payment mechanisms and on transportation and installation. This unique text will be of enormous assistance both to legal practitioners and offshore construction professionals including project managers, financiers, insurers and subcontractors.

Law of Guarantees

Law of Guarantees
Author: Geraldine Mary Andrews
Publisher: Sweet & Maxwell
Total Pages: 925
Release: 2011
Genre: Law
ISBN: 0414044711

The book provides the commercial lawyer with a detailed analysis of the various statutory and contractual requirements relating to the law of guarantees. It also examines the guarantor's liability and right against both creditors and debtors. A thorough knowledge of the law and practice surrounding guarantees is essential for lawyers in all areas of commercial law, given the complex borrowing and finance requirements of modern industry and institutions. This is the 6th edition of the highly successful book on Guarantees by Geraldine Andrews QC and Richard Millett QC. The book is considered the pre-eminent treatise on the subject of guarantees in the UK.

Legal Aspects of Trade Finance

Legal Aspects of Trade Finance
Author: Charles Chatterjee
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 225
Release: 2015-09-16
Genre: Law
ISBN: 1317481437

Trade finance is of great importance in the commercial world, for both students (undergraduate and postgraduate) and practitioners. The choice of countries in export trade is often perception-based: trade with government departments or public institutions is seen as much safer than with private entities and the choice of countries is often based on that perception of risk. This book: addresses issues and topics which are relevant to all jurisdictions in the world explains the various types of trade finance, how they may be raised and the legal issues pertaining to them Value for those wanting to understand the legal issues of sources of trade finance in both the developed and developing countries, this book will interest students studying the interaction between law and commerce.

The Law of Ship Mortgages

The Law of Ship Mortgages
Author: David Osborne
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Total Pages: 732
Release: 2024-08-26
Genre: Law
ISBN: 1040087272

This fully updated and comprehensive 3rd edition of The Law of Ship Mortgages provides readers with a practical, commercially based and definitive guide to the English law of ship mortgages. The authors, being seasoned practitioners, bring their extensive experience to bear on a number of difficult and developing areas of the law, such as: mortgagees’ duties, liability to charterers, the conflict of laws, work-outs, restructurings and cross-border insolvency. The 3rd edition includes new chapters on pre-delivery security, security over shares and on the increasingly important topic of ship leasing as a method of finance. It is written against the background of, and has regard to, ever-increasing sanctions affecting shipping and ship finance as well as the continued regulatory and industry-driven push towards reduction of emissions (IMO 2020 and IMO 2050). Written primarily with practitioners in mind, The Law of Ship Mortgages will continue to be extremely useful to legal professionals, especially in common law jurisdictions, involved in international ship finance or ship mortgage enforcement. It will also be a valuable resource for postgraduate students and academics, especially those with an interest in shipping law or the law of personal property more generally.